The effects of methyl n-alkyl ketones and n-alkylbenzenes on hepatic cytochrome P450s in vivo and in vitro were investigated. Male rats were treated with acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone, methyl n-butyl ketone, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, or n-butylbenzene. The methyl n-alkyl ketones induced the metabolic activities of hepatic microsomes toward aminopyrine, 7-ethoxycoumarin, and aniline. n-Alkylbenzenes induced aminopyrine and 7-ethoxycoumarin metabolic activities. ...Testosterone 16 beta-hydroxylation activity was induced by n-alkylbenzenes. These results indicate that the levels of multiple forms of cytochrome P450 were changed by treatment with these chemicals. P450IIE1, an acetone-inducible form, was induced by methyl n-alkyl ketones or n-alkylbenzenes. The inducibility did not depend on the length of the side chain of these chemicals. P450IIB1 and IIB2, both phenobarbital-inducible forms, were induced with methyl n-alkyl ketones and n-alkylbenzenes to an extent depending on the length of the side chain of these chemicals. Thus, the hydrophobicity of the inducer affected phenobarbital-type induction but not the induction of P450IIE1. /The authors/ further investigated the interactions of ketone and benzene derivatives with cytochrome P450 in vitro. Testosterone hydroxylation activities of hepatic microsomes were measured in the presence of methyl n-alkyl ketones and n-alkylbenzenes. Methyl n-alkyl ketones inhibited testosterone 16 beta-hydroxylation activity. n-Alkylbenzenes inhibited 2 beta-, 6 beta-, 15 alpha-, 16 alpha-, and 16 beta-hydroxylation activities. Testosterone hydroxylation activities were inhibited by these chemicals depending on the length of the side chain. n-Alkylbenzenes were stronger inhibitors than methyl n-alkyl ketones, n-Butylbenzene was the strongest inhibitor of these activities. These results indicate that hydrophobicity was important in the interaction of these chemicals with cytochrome P450, and that there is some relationship between the inducibility of cytochrome P450 and its interaction with inducers.
Regio- and stereo-selective oxidation of butylbenzene (1) has been examined in vitro by rat liver supernatant fraction(S-9). When phenylbutane (1 ) was incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 hr with S-9, asymmetric oxidation occurred regioselectively at benzylic and omega-1 positions to afford preferentially (R)- and (S)-alcohol (2, 4), respectively. This enzymatic propensity was the case for the production of 1, 3-diols. (1R, 3S)- or (1R, 3R)-Butanediols(3a, 3b) were also obtained at 87% and 27%, respectively. This oxidation was induced by phenobarbital (PB) or beta-napthoflavone(beta-NF), and significant sex-related differences in control and PB pre-treated rats have been observed. Since these oxidations were inhibited with SKF-525A and CO, it was inferred that cytochrome P-450 was responsible for the oxidation.
The effect on energetic metabolism of rat liver mitochondria (RLM) of styrene and other aliphatic benzene derivatives, i.e. toluene, ethylbenzene, alpha-methylstyrene and butylbenzene, is studied. It is shown that these compounds uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and this effect is connected with the stimulation of passive entry of protons into mitochondria.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
副作用
神经毒素 - 急性溶剂综合征
Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/