吐纳麝香 | 21145-77-7

• 物质功能分类: 香精与香料 - 合成香料 - 麝香和大环类香料
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 四氢化萘
• 中文名称: 吐纳麝香
• 中文别名: 1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,6,8,8-六甲基-2-萘基)-乙酮
• 英文名称: Tonalid
• 英文别名: tonalide；1-(3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone
• CAS: 21145-77-7；1506-02-1
• 化学式: C₁₈H₂₆O
• mdl: MFCD00437355
• 分子量: 258.404
• InChiKey: DNRJTBAOUJJKDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  52-57 °C
• 沸点：
  326℃[at 101 325 Pa]
• 密度：
  0.96[at 20℃]
• LogP：
  5.4 at 25℃
• 物理描述：
  DryPowder
• 颜色/状态：
  White to off-white crystalline solid
• 气味：
  Odor type: musk
• 溶解度：
  4.84e-06 M
• 蒸汽压力：
  5.12X10-4 mm Hg, temp not specified
• 稳定性/保质期：

  Stable under recommended storage conditions.

• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors.
• 保留指数：
  1849;1849

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  5.3
• 重原子数：
  19
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.61
• 拓扑面积：
  17.1
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

ADMET

代谢

AHTN的三个色原性产物在光氧化后被检测到，并且显示与甘氨酸或白蛋白反应，首先产生蓝色，然后是粉色，最后是深绿色。与晚期绿色相关的吸收光谱显示，在光谱的长波长区域吸光度增加，类似于从AHTN处理动物的肝脏中提取的绿色。AHTN的色原性衍生物和邻二乙酰苯（一种模型色原性化合物）产生的颜色紧密地结合在蛋白质沉淀上，并且对酸性pH有抗性，与尼氏反应产生的颜色不同。通过给大鼠喂食AHTN在肝脏中产生的深绿色也紧密地结合在蛋白质上，并且在酸性pH下稳定。这些结果表明，AHTN的光氧化色原性衍生物和邻二乙酰苯通过与氨基酸和蛋白质反应产生有色衍生物的机制与尼氏反应无关。它们还表明，在长期使用高剂量AHTN治疗期间体内产生的AHTN的色原性衍生物可能是治疗动物肝脏和其他组织绿色的原因。数据表明，AHTN衍生的色原性物质与代谢物相关，而不是代表毒性过程...

Three chromogenic products of AHTN have been detected after photo-oxidation and shown to react with glycine or albumin, giving rise first to a blue color, followed by pink and, finally, a dark green color. The absorption spectrum associated with the late green color showed an increased absorbance in the long wavelength region of the spectrum, similar to the green color extracted from the liver of AHTN-treated animals. The color produced by the chromogenic derivatives of AHTN and by o-diacetylbenzene (a model chromogenic compound) were tightly bound to the protein pellet and resistant to acidic pH, unlike the color from the ninhydrin reaction. The dark green colour produced in the liver by feeding AHTN to rats was also tightly bound to proteins and stable to acidic pH. These results suggest that both the photo-oxidized chromogenic derivatives of AHTN and o-diacetylbenzene, produce colored derivatives with amino acids and proteins by a mechanism unrelated to ninhydrin. They also suggest that a chromogenic derivative of AHTN, produced in vivo during prolonged treatment with high doses of AHTN, may be responsible for the green color of the livers and other tissues from treated animals. The data suggest that the AHTN-derived chromogenic material is metabolite-related rather than representative of a toxic process ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

鉴别人和使用：Tonalide是一种具有麝香味的固体。它被用作化妆品、洗涤剂、织物柔软剂、家用清洁产品和空气清新剂中的香料。人类研究：在重复封闭式应用后未观察到刺激性，也未观察到光毒性反应。高浓度的Tonalide可以影响使用H295R细胞系的体外类固醇生成。Tonalide在体外使用或不需要代谢激活的人淋巴细胞微核试验中不具有遗传毒性。动物研究：Tonalide在兔皮肤上测试时未产生红斑或水肿。在兔子的光刺激性测试中，5%乙醇中的光毒性明显。在兔子的眼睛刺激性测试中，观察到中度的发红和轻微到中度的结膜水肿。大鼠单次高剂量的Tonalide会导致急性肝损伤。在另一项实验中，大鼠分别以1260、1588、2000或2520 mg/kg bw的剂量处理，并观察了14天。大多数动物表现出乏力、竖毛、蜷缩姿势、震颤运动、毛发粗糙和消瘦。其他偶尔的迹象包括绿色尿液、体温过低、半闭眼睛、呼吸困难和呼吸增加、虚脱和流泪。在为期2周的研究中，每组5只雄性和雌性大鼠分别给予饮食剂量为0、33、88和169 mg/kg bw/day的雄性和0、32、91和150 mg/kg bw/day的雌性。高剂量组所有动物的进食量和体重均明显减少。中剂量的食物消耗和体重损失略有减少。在大鼠的两代发育研究中，最高剂量水平（20 mg/kg bw/day）下，对母体或后代没有不良影响。在遗传毒性研究中，除了在CHO细胞体外细胞遗传学分析中代谢激活的细胞出现结构畸变外，没有观察到阳性反应。生态毒性研究：在Dreissena polymorpha中，Tonalide暴露引起了脂质过氧化和羰基含量的增加，同时DNA链断裂显著增加，但没有观察到固定的遗传损伤。细胞色素P450同种物是鱼类中合成麝香物质的潜在敏感靶标。在28天的Tonalide暴露后，除了在最高浓度100 ug/g下，没有观察到对E. fetida生长率的显著影响，而在暴露于50和100 ug/g的蚯蚓中发现了茧生产的显著减少。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Tonalide is a solid with a musk odor. It is used as a fragrance in cosmetics, detergents, fabric softeners, household cleaning products and air fresheners. HUMAN STUDIES: No irritation was observed after repeated occlusive applications as well as no phototoxic reactions. High concentrations of tonalide can affect steroidogenesis in vitro using the H295R cell line. Tonalide was not genotoxic in the micronucleus test with human lymphocytes in vitro with or without metabolic activation. ANIMAL STUDIES: Tonalide did not produce erythema or edema when tested on the skin of rabbits. In tests for photoirritation in the rabbit clear phototoxicity was seen at 5% in ethanol. Moderate redness and slight to moderate chemosis of the conjunctivae was seen in rabbits in an eye irritation test. A single high dose of tonalide leads to acute hepatic damage in rats. In other experiment, rats were treated with doses 1260, 1588, 2000 or 2520 mg/kg bw and observed for 14 days. The majority of animals showed lethargy, piloerection, hunched position, oscillated movements, shaggy coat and emaciation. Other occasional signs included green urine, hypothermia, half-closed eyes, difficult breathing and increased breathing, prostration and lacrimation. In a 2-week study, groups of 5 male and female rats were administered dietary doses of 0, 33, 88 and 169 mg/kg bw/day for males and 0, 32, 91 and 150 mg/kg bw/day for females. All animals in the high dose group had marked reduction in food consumption and body weight losses. Food consumption and body weight losses were slightly reduced at the mid-dose. In a two generation developmental study in rats, there were no adverse effects to the dams or offspring up to and including the highest dose level (20 mg/kg bw/day). In genotoxicity studies no positive responses were observed except for cells with structural aberrations in the in vitro cytogenetics assay in CHO cells with metabolic activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: In Dreissena polymorpha, tonalide exposure induced lipid peroxidation and increased carbonyl content alone with significant increases in DNA strand breaks, but no fixed genetic damage was observed. Cytochrome P450 isoforms are potentially sensitive targets of synthetic musk substances in fish. There was no observed significant effect on the growth rate of E. fetida after a 28-day tonalide exposure except that at the highest concentration 100 ug/g, whereas a significant decrease of cocoon production was found in earthworms exposed to 50 and 100 ug/g.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 副作用

职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素：在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒案例。

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 相互作用

在当前研究中，评估了在大鼠体内给予人类暴露范围内的剂量下，对二氨基联苯（AHTN）的亚慢性肝毒性。为此，将幼年雌性和雄性WiSTar大鼠暴露于AHTN（每天300微克/千克体重，i.p.）单独给药，或者先给予一次剂量的二乙基亚硝胺（DEN）（100毫克/千克体重，i.p.），随后再给予AHTN（1、10、100或300微克/千克体重/天，i.p.），持续90天。之后评估了肝脏结构以及胎盘谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST-P）阳性肝损伤的存在。在单独接受AHTN或与DEN联合给药的雄性动物中，GST-P阳性单个肝细胞数量与未处理的大鼠相似，而GST-P阳性小灶和灶未观察到。在雌性大鼠的情况下，AHTN处理的大鼠中GST-P阳性单个肝细胞和小灶的数量与未处理动物相似...

... In the present study the subchronic hepatotoxicity of AHTN administered to rats at doses within the human exposure range was evaluated. For this purpose female and male juvenile Wistar rats were exposed to AHTN (300 ug/kg body weight per day, i.p.) alone or to a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (100 mg/kg body weight, ip) followed by AHTN (1, 10, 100 or 300 ug/kg body weight per day, ip) for 90 days. Thereafter the liver architecture as well as the presence of placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P)-positive hepatic lesions was assessed. In male animals receiving AHTN alone or in combination with DEN the number of GST-P-positive single hepatocytes was similar to that in untreated rats, while GST-P-positive mini-foci and foci were not observed. In the case of female rats the number of GST-P-positive single hepatocytes and mini-foci in AHTN-treated rats was similar to that in untreated animals ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 立即急救：确保已经进行了充分的中毒物清除。如果患者停止呼吸，开始人工呼吸，最好使用需求阀复苏器、袋阀面罩装置或口袋面罩，按训练操作。根据需要执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐，让患者前倾或将其置于左侧卧位（如果可能的话，头部向下）以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入性肺炎。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。寻求医疗救助。 /芳香烃及其相关化合物/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 基本治疗：建立专利气道（如有需要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。如有必要，进行吸痰。密切观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有必要，进行辅助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿，并在必要时进行治疗……。监测休克，并在必要时进行治疗……。预防癫痫发作，并在必要时进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在转运过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）持续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能够吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释。给予活性炭……。/芳香烃及其相关化合物/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

/MILK/ 在一项旨在确定通过哺乳暴露时AHTN对新生儿影响的研究中，从妊娠第14天（器官形成期结束）到断奶当天（产后第21天），给28只时间交配的大鼠（Crl:CD BR VAF/Plus品系）每天一次通过灌胃的方式给予0、2、6或20 mg/kg bw/day的AHTN（纯度99.3%），使用玉米油作为溶剂。允许雌性大鼠产仔并将幼崽抚养至断奶（产后第4天将窝仔数标准化为8只）。从这些窝中，选取后代保留至成熟（每组24只雄性和雌性），并评估其行为变化和繁殖能力。F1代仅在围产期通过子宫内暴露以及通过哺乳期母鼠的乳汁转移暴露于AHTN。在给母鼠口服2和20 mg 14C-AHTN/kg bw/day的剂量下，母鼠乳汁中的AHTN水平可达1.9和25 mg AHTN当量（包括代谢物）/L。... 对后代（F2代）在分娩时和直到产后第21天定期检查异常情况，此时研究结束。在妊娠或哺乳期间，任何处理过的母鼠都没有出现治疗效应。F1代在晚期妊娠阶段或出生后生长、断奶后行为测试或交配表现方面没有明显变化，对F1代雄性和雌性的尸检、繁殖能力、窝数据和F2代幼崽的宏观尸检没有发现异常。在最高剂量水平（20 mg/kg bw/day）及以下，对母鼠或后代没有不良影响。

/MILK/ In a study designed to determine the effects of AHTN on the neonate when exposed through nursing, AHTN (purity 99.3%) was administered at dosages of 0, 2, 6 or 20 mg/kg bw/day once daily by gavage in corn oil to groups of 28 time-mated rats (Crl:CD BR VAF/Plus strain) from Day 14 of pregnancy (end of organogenesis) through to weaning on Day 21 post partum. The females were allowed to litter and rear their young to weaning (litters were standardised to 8 pups on Day 4 post partum). From these litters, selected offspring were retained (24 males and females per group) to maturity and assessed for behavioral changes and reproductive capacity. The F1 generation was only exposed to AHTN in utero during the perinatal phase and through transfer in the milk of the lactating dams. ... AHTN levels in mother's milk up to 1.9 and 25 mg AHTN equivalents (including also metabolite)/L were found at oral doses of 2 and 20 mg 14C-AHTN/kg bw/ day, respectively, to the dams. ... The offspring (F2 generation) were examined for abnormalities at parturition and periodically until day 21 post partum at which time the study was terminated. There were no effects of treatment in any of the treated parent females during pregnancy or lactation. No effects were apparent on development of the F1 generation during the late prenatal phase, or on postnatal growth, no changes in post weaning behavioral tests or mating performance were seen and post mortem examination of F1 males and females, reproductive capacity, litter data and macroscopic post mortem examination of F2 pups did not reveal abnormalities. There were no adverse effects to the dams or offspring up to and including the highest dose level (20 mg/kg bw/day).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

合成麝香，个人护理产品的化学成分，通过皮肤接触进入人体。阐明合成麝香经皮渗透的机制应增强我们对它们在人类皮肤中吸收和分布的理解，并允许准确评估相关的人类暴露。在这里，使用体外皮肤扩散模型研究了加勒克酸酯（HHCB）和托纳酸酯（AHTN）的经皮渗透动态和分布。HHCB和AHTN的经皮渗透量在最初的6小时内迅速增加。施加的HHCB和AHTN量并没有影响经皮吸收率。在24小时期间，HHCB和AHTN主要保留在角质层，分别占总量的70.0%和70.3%。两种化学物质的经皮吸收率约为11%。在29种个人护理产品中检测到HHCB、AHTN、麝香酮、麝香二甲苯和Musk-T。麝香在香水、洗发水、乳液和沐浴露中的平均总浓度分别为3990、54.0、17.7和9.8微克/克。在四个产品类别中，HHCB占主导地位（57.4%-99.6%），其次是AHTN。数据清楚地表明，多环和硝基麝香在个人护理产品中最常用。当将化学物质的经皮吸收率加入计算时，估计的皮肤摄入总量（51.6微克/千克体重/天）明显高于经皮吸收总量（5.9微克/千克体重/天）。通过个人护理产品的皮肤接触摄入HHCB和AHTN的量显著高于根据早期文献数据计算的灰尘吸入量。

Synthetic musks, chemical constituents of personal care products, enter the human body through dermal contact. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying transdermal permeation of synthetic musks should enhance our understanding of their uptake and distribution in human skin and allow accurate evaluation of associated human exposure. Here, the transdermal permeation dynamics and distribution of galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated using an in vitro skin diffusion model. The transdermal permeation amounts of HHCB and AHTN increased rapidly during the first 6 hr. The applied HHCB and AHTN amounts did not affect percutaneous absorption rates. HHCB and AHTN remained primarily in the stratum corneum, accounting for 70.0% and 70.3% of the totals during the 24-hr period, respectively. The percutaneous absorption rate of both chemicals was ~11%. HHCB, AHTN, musk ketone, musk xylene, and Musk-T were detected in 29 personal care products. The average total concentrations of the musks were 3990, 54.0, 17.7, and 9.8 ug/g in perfume, shampoo, lotion, and shower gel, respectively. Among the four product categories, HHCB was dominant (57.4%-99.6%), followed by AHTN. The data clearly indicate that polycyclic and nitro musks are most commonly used in personal care products. The total estimated dermal intake (51.6 ug/kg bw/day) was markedly higher than total dermal uptake (5.9 ug/kg bw/day) when percutaneous absorption rates of the chemicals were added into the calculation. Uptake of HHCB and AHTN via dermal contact of personal care products was significantly higher than that from dust inhalation calculated according to earlier literature data.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

1989年，中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis）被列为我国一级保护动物，观察到的雌雄间性现象和性别比例偏差表明，化学品作为环境污染物已经构成风险。本研究分析了13条雌性中华鲟的肝脏、肌肉、心脏、性腺、胃、肠道、脂肪、鳃、胰腺、肾脏、胆囊和卵中的七种麝香香料，并研究了麝香的毒代动力学行为，并与一些有机氯化合物进行了比较。在七种麝香中，HHCB、AHTN和二甲苯麝香被检测到，最高浓度出现在脂肪组织中：分别为33.7至62.1 ng/g湿重（ww）、1.0至5.4 ng/g ww和1.1至13 ng/g ww。与DDTs和HCB的组织分布类似，麝香在高脂质含量组织如卵、脂肪和肝脏中频繁检出，表明麝香的组织分布受其对脂质的亲和力控制。卵和脂肪之间的基于脂质重量的浓度比估计为HHCB为0.47，AHTN为0.58，二甲苯麝香为0.51，总DDTs和HCB的分别为0.27和0.61，与哺乳动物相比相对较低。在11个总样本中的10个中检测到相对较高的p,p'-DDE浓度（68.4-449 ng/g ww），这可能导致中华鲟在胚胎发育过程中的雌性化。研究发现，随着中华鲟雌性年龄的增长，HHCB、AHTN、p,p'-DDE和p,p'-DDD的脂质校正浓度增加，其趋势与鱼类相似，与哺乳动物不同。

Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) was listed as a Grade I protected animal in China in 1989, and the observed intersexual phenomenon and sex ratio deviation have suggested that chemicals have posed a risk as environment pollutants. This study analyzed seven musk fragrances in liver, muscle, heart, gonad, stomach, intestines, adipose, gill, pancreas, kidney, gallbladder, and roe from 13 female Chinese sturgeons, and the toxicokinetic behavior of musks were studied and compared with some organochlorines. Of the seven musks, HHCB, AHTN, and musk xylene were detected, and the highest concentrations were observed in adipose tissue: from 33.7 to 62.1 ng/g wet weight (ww), from 1.0 to 5.4 ng/g ww, and from 1.1 to 13 ng/g ww, respectively. Similar to the tissue distribution of DDTs and HCB, musks were detected frequently in high lipid content tissues such as roe, adipose, and liver, suggesting that tissue distribution of musks is controlled by the affinity to lipids. The concentration ratios based on lipid weight between roe and adipose were estimated to be 0.47 for HHCB, 0.58 for AHTN, and 0.51 for musk xylene, and those for the total DDTs and HCB were 0.27 and 0.61, which were relatively low compared with mammals. Relatively high concentrations of p,p'-DDE (68.4-449 ng/g ww) were detected in 10 of total 11 samples, which would cause the feminization of Chinese sturgeons during embryonic development. It was found that lipid-corrected concentrations of HHCB, AHTN, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD increased with age in female sturgeon, of which the trends were similar to those in fishes and different from those in mammals.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

/MILK/ 合成麝香被用作许多家用产品中的添加剂。它们被人体吸收后，会积累在体内，而人类乳汁中的浓度反映了母亲及其婴儿的暴露水平。从中国东部的上海、无锡和绍兴收集的人类乳汁样本中，确定了四种合成麝香的浓度，包括二甲苯麝香（1-叔丁基-2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-三硝基苯，MX）、酮麝香（4-叔丁基-2,6-二甲基-3,5-二硝基苯乙酮，MK）、1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-4,6,6,7,8,8-六甲基环戊二烯[γ]-2-苯并吡喃（HHCB）和7-乙酰基-1,1,3,4,4,6-六甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘（AHTN）。在分析的大多数样本中发现了这四种合成麝香，其中HHCB是主要成分，其次是MX。HHCB、AHTN、MX和MK的中位数（平均数）浓度分别为63（82）、5（12）、17（24）和4（9）ng/g脂质重量。这些数据表明，总合成麝香的污染程度较低，分布百分比为HHCB > MX > AHTN约等于MK。硝基麝香相对于多环麝香的高比例表明硝基麝香仍在广泛使用。这些城市中的麝香浓度彼此之间没有显著差异（p > 0.05）。获得了主成分得分图，显示了相似的暴露来源。人类乳汁中总合成麝香的量与母亲的年龄无关，尽管HHCB与AHTN显著相关（p < 0.05）。从人类乳汁中估算的婴儿每天摄入的HHCB、AHTN、MX和MK的量为（2526 +/- 2926）、（370 +/- 524）、（7391 +/- 832）和（277 +/- 462）ng/天，这些剂量比暂定可容忍日摄入量低1-2个数量级。

/MILK/ Synthetic musks are used as additives in many household products. After absorption into the human body, they accumulate and their concentrations in human milk reflect both the mother and her infant's exposure level. Concentrations of four synthetic musks, musk xylene (1-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, MX), musk ketone (4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitroacetophenone, MK), 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[gamma]-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN), were determined in human milk samples collected from Shanghai, Wuxi, and Shaoxing in Eastern China. The four synthetic musks were found in most samples analyzed, with HHCB the dominant component followed by MX. The median (mean) values for HHCB, AHTN, MX and MK concentrations were 63 (82), 5 (12), 17 (24) and 4 (9) ng/g lipid weight, respectively. These data suggested the total synthetic musk contamination was low, and the distribution percentage was HHCB > MX > AHTN approximately MK. The relative high ratio of nitro to polycylic musk indicated that nitro musks were still widely used. The musk concentrations in these cities were not significantly different from each other (p > 0.05). Principal components score plots were obtained, which showed similar exposure sources. The amount of total synthetic musks in human milk were not associated with mother's age, although HHCB was significantly correlated with AHTN (p < 0.05). Daily ingestion of HHCB, AHTN, MX and MK for infants from human milk were estimated as (2526 +/- 2926), (370 +/- 524), (7391 +/- 832), and (277 +/- 462) ng/day, respectively. Those doses were 1-2 orders of magnitude below the provisional tolerable daily intakes.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险品标志：
  Xn
• 危险类别码：
  R22
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 危险性防范说明：
  P261,P280,P305+P351+P338
• 危险性描述：
  H302,H315,H319,H332,H335

制备方法与用途

吐纳麝香是万山麝香的一种异构体，属于四氢化萘系麝香之一，是一种优质的定香剂。它已被广泛应用于香皂和洗涤用品的香精中，在浴用油性香精中也非常适用，最高用量可达10%以上。