... In the rabbit no cleavage of the ether linkage /of phenyl ether/ occurs. The major metabolite was the p-hydroxylated ether, which is excreted both unconjugated (15%) and conjugated with glucuronic acid (63%) and sulfuric acid (12%). Another metabolite was also isolated from the rabbit urine and fairly well identified as di(p-hydroxyphenyl) ether.
Subcellular fractions of trout liver homogenate metab diphenyl ether mainly to 4 hydroxy derivates with traces of other compounds including 3 hydroxy derivates and possibly 4,4'-dihydroxy derivates.
The bacterium Sphingomonas sp strain SS3, which utilizes diphenyl ether as source of carbon and energy, was enriched from soil samples of an industrial waste deposit. During diphenyl ether degradation in batch culture experiments, phenol and catechol were produced as intermediates which were then channeled into the 3-oxoadipate pathway. The initial step in the degradation follows the recently discovered mechanism of 1,2-dioxygenation, which yields unstable phenolic hemiacetals from diphenyl ether structures.
Screening of selected fungi proved Cunninghamella echinulata most suitable for research on hydroxylation of biphenyl oxide. The process depended on cultivation conditions and yielded up to 76% 4-hydroxybiphenyl oxide and about 6% 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl oxide.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Diphenyl ether exists as a colorless crystalline solid or liquid with a unpleasant odor. It is insoluble in water and soluble in ether, benzene and acetic acid. The odor is extremely unpleasant. It is used in large quantities in soap perfumes and its main application is as a heat transfer medium (eutectic mixture with diphenyl) and as a chemical intermediate for reactions such as halogenation, acylation, alkylation; it is also used as a dye carrier. Employed as a processing aid in the production of polyesters. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Contact with a commercial product containing diphenyl ether has caused burning of the eyes, irritation of the respiratory tract, and severe nausea along with skin irritation. Oral exposure to a commercial product containing this chemical has caused severe degenerative changes in the liver and kidney. Prolonged exposure of skin to liquid causes reddening and irritation. Occupational exposure to diphenyl ether occurs through dermal contact and inhalation of vapor. Its use in various soap, detergent, creams, lotion, and perfume formulations results in general population exposure through inhalation and dermal contact. Diphenyl ether was detected in collected composite adipose tissue. ANIMAL STUDIES: In acute oral exposures of diphenyl ether to rats, injury to the liver, spleen, kidney, thyroid and intestinal tract was observed. Undiluted diphenyl ether is irritating to rabbit skin. Erythema and exfoliation of skin was noted.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
吸入症状
喉咙痛。咳嗽。
Sore throat. Cough.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
皮肤症状
Redness.
Redness.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
眼睛症状
红斑。疼痛。
Redness. Pain.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
副作用
职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素:在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒案例。
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
The absorption of diphenyl ether after oral uptake is up to 90% in rats and rabbits and is independent of the administered dose. The data on dermal absorption are somewhat conflicting. After semi-occlusive application of 10-1,000 mg/kg to the clipped skin of rats, almost 20% of the dose was absorbed as measured by the amount excreted in urine. However, in a diffusion experiment only 0.3% (rat skin) or 0.2% (human skin) of diphenyl ether penetrated the skin in vitro. The higher absorption in the in vivo experiment may have been caused by the vehicle (diethyl phthalate) and some oral uptake after removal of the occlusion plaster.
After intraperitoneal injection in rats, diphenyl ether was distributed into all organs and tissues within 1 hour with maximum concentrations in liver, lung, kidney and spleen.
... Phenyl ether, when injected into the rabbit, was excreted in the urine as p-hydroxyphenyl phenyl ether and none was excreted as the unchanged ether. /Route not specified/
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989