大环内酯类(Macrolides)是由链霉菌产生的弱碱性抗生素,因其分子结构中含有一个十四员或十六员的大环内酯结构而得名。这类抗生素作用于细菌细胞核糖体50 S亚单位,阻碍蛋白质的合成,属于生长期抑菌剂。大环内酯类药物具有相似的抗菌谱和活性,主要针对革兰阳性菌、军团菌属、衣原体属、支原体属以及厌氧菌等。
大环内酯类的主要适应证包括:
大环内酯类的不良反应包括:
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | Mydecamycin | 35457-80-8 | C41H67NO15 |
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—— | Spiramycin A | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | Pharmakon1600-01502203 | 2751-09-9 | C41H67NO15 |
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—— | (3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,10E,11S,12R,13S,14R)-6-[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one | 80214-83-1 | C41H76N2O15 |
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—— | (3S,5R,6S,7S,8R,11R,12S,13R,14S,15S)-12-[(4-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-14-{[2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy}-5,7,8,11,13,15-hexamethyl-4,10-dioxo-1,9-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadec-6-yl acetate | 2751-09-9 | C41H67NO15 |
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—— | Pharmakon1600-01500675 | 7060-74-4 | C35H64NO16P |
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—— | (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one | 83905-01-5 | C38H72N2O12 |
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—— | (1S,2R,5R,7R,8R,9S,11R,13R,14R)-8-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-9-methoxy-1,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-15-[4-(4-pyridin-3-ylimidazol-1-yl)butyl]-3,17-dioxa-15-azabicyclo[12.3.0]heptadecane-4,6,12,16-tetrone | 191114-48-4 | C43H65N5O10 |
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—— | Josacine | 16846-24-5 | C42H69NO15 |
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—— | (2R,3R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,15R,17S)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-ethyl-2,10-dihydroxy-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-15-(2-methoxyethoxymethyl)-2,6,8,10,12,17-hexamethyl-4,16-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadecan-5-one | 62013-04-1 | C42H78N2O14 |
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—— | (1S,2R,5S,7R,8R,9R,11R,13R,14R)-8-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-9-methoxy-1,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-15-[4-(4-pyridin-3-ylimidazol-1-yl)butyl]-3,17-dioxa-15-azabicyclo[12.3.0]heptadecane-4,6,12,16-tetrone | 191114-48-4 | C43H65N5O10 |
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—— | 2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10S,11E,13E,16R)-6-[5-(4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | (2S,3R,4S,5S,8S,10S,11S,12R,13R,14S)-11-[(2R,3S,4R,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one | 83905-01-5 | C38H72N2O12 |
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—— | 2-[(4R,6S,7R,9R,10R,11E,13E,16R)-6-[5-(4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | Pharmakon1600-01504144 | 62013-04-1 | C42H78N2O14 |
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—— | (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one | 83905-01-5 | C38H72N2O12 |
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—— | (2R,3S,6R,7R,8R,9R,12R,13S,17S)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-ethyl-2,10-dihydroxy-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-15-(2-methoxyethoxymethyl)-2,6,8,10,12,17-hexamethyl-4,16-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadecan-5-one | 62013-04-1 | C42H78N2O14 |
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—— | (3R,4S,5S,6S,7R,9R,10E,11S,12R,13S,14R)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one | 80214-83-1 | C41H76N2O15 |
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—— | (3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,10Z,11S,12R,13S,14R)-6-[(3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one | 80214-83-1 | C41H76N2O15 |
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—— | [(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[[(3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,11R,12R,13R,14R)-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-2,10-dioxo-oxacyclotetradec-6-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-3-yl] propanoate;dodecyl hydrogen sulfate | 3521-62-8 | C52H97NO18S |
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—— | [(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,11Z,13Z,16R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate | 35457-80-8 | C41H67NO15 |
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—— | (1R,2R,4R,6S,7R,8R,10R,13S,14S)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-13-ethyl-6-methoxy-2,4,6,8,10,14-hexamethyl-17-[4-[4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-yl]butyl]-12,15-dioxa-17-azabicyclo[12.3.0]heptadecane-3,9,11,16-tetrone | 191114-48-4 | C43H65N5O10 |
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—— | Leucomycin V, 9-O-[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl]- | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | (1S,2R,3R,6R,7R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13S,15R,17R)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-ethyl-2,10-dihydroxy-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-15-(2-methoxyethoxymethyl)-2,6,8,10,12,17-hexamethyl-4,16-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadecan-5-one | 62013-04-1 | C42H78N2O14 |
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—— | (1R,2S,5R,7R,8R,9R,11R,13R,14R)-8-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-9-methoxy-1,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-15-[4-(4-pyridin-3-ylimidazol-1-yl)butyl]-3,17-dioxa-15-azabicyclo[12.3.0]heptadecane-4,6,12,16-tetrone | 191114-48-4 | C43H65N5O10 |
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—— | (2R,3R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,12R,13S,15R,17S)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-ethyl-2,10-dihydroxy-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-15-(2-methoxyethoxymethyl)-2,6,8,10,12,17-hexamethyl-4,16-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadecan-5-one | 62013-04-1 | C42H78N2O14 |
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—— | Formacidine | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | (E)-roxithromycin | 80214-83-1 | C41H76N2O15 |
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—— | 6-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione;2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexanoic acid | 3847-29-8 | C49H89NO25 |
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—— | 2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,16R)-6-[5-(4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | 2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,16S)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | 2-[(11E,13Z)-6-[5-(4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | [(11Z,13E)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate | 35457-80-8 | C41H67NO15 |
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—— | (10Z)-6-[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one | 80214-83-1 | C41H76N2O15 |
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—— | 2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,11E,13E,16R)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[(2R,5S,6S)-5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | (2S,3R,4S,5S,8S,10S,11S,13R,14S)-11-[(2R,3S,4R,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one | 83905-01-5 | C38H72N2O12 |
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—— | 2-[(4S,5R,6R,7S,9S,10S,11E,13E,16S)-6-[5-(4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | 2-[(4R,5R,6S,7R,9R,10R,11E,16R)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[(2R,5S,6S)-5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | leucomycin A3 | 16846-24-5 | C42H69NO15 |
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—— | dirithromycin | 62013-04-1 | C42H78N2O14 |
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—— | 22-epi-dirithromycin | 62013-04-1 | C42H78N2O14 |
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—— | dirithromycin | 62013-04-1 | C42H78N2O14 |
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—— | SF-837 A1; YL-704 B1; Espinomycin A2 | 35457-80-8 | C41H67NO15 |
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—— | erythromycin A | 114-07-8 | C37H67NO13 |
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—— | Erythromycin | 114-07-8 | C37H67NO13 |
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—— | Leucomycin | 1392-21-8 | C35H59NO13 |
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—— | 6-[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-9-fluoro-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione | 82664-20-8 | C37H66FNO13 |
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—— | erythromycin A | 114-07-8 | C37H67NO13 |
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—— | 6-[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one | 80214-83-1 | C41H76N2O15 |
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—— | azithromycin | 83905-01-5 | C38H72N2O12 |
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