The Identity in Atomic Structure and Performance of Active Sites in Heterogeneous and Homogeneous, Titanium−Silica Epoxidation Catalysts
摘要:
The nature of the Ti(IV) active site in heterogeneous titano-silica epoxidation catalysts is shown to be same as that of a Ti(IV)-centered site bound to soluble homogeneous silsesquioxane catalysts. A range of techniques, encompassing pre- and near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and molecular dynamics calculations, provides quantitative information pertaining to the four-coordinated site that is tripodally anchored to silica. The catalytic performance of a series of engineered active sites in [(c-C5H9)(7)Si7O12TiOXPh3], where X = Si, Ge, or Sn, shows that the order of enhancement is Ge > Sn > Si. This is compared with previously published(7) performances of engineered active sites in solid titano-silicate catalysts. The key importance of accessibility to the four-coordinated Ti(IV) site is highlighted here.
Reactions of titanium alcoholates Ti(OR)4 (R = n-Bu, t-Bu) with tertiary organic and organometallic hydroperoxides
摘要:
tert-Butyl and cumyl hydroperoxides in the reactions with Ti(OR)(4) are reduced to alcohols with the evolution of oxygen via formation of titanium-containing peroxides and trioxides. The pathways of the reactions of Ti(OR)(4) with triphenylelement hydroperoxides R3EOOH (E = C, Si, Ge) depend on element E and on the structure of R; the reactions involve the rearrangement of the peroxides, and with (n-BUO)(4)Ti the alkoxy group is oxidized either with preservation or with breakdown of the hydrocarbon skeleton.
Stepwise substitution of N,N-di-isopropylcarbamato groups of Ti(O2CNiPr2)4 by triphenylsilanol leading from eight- to six- and four-co-ordinated titanium(IV)
作者:Daniela Belli Dell’Amico、Fausto Calderazzo、Sandra Ianelli、Luca Labella、Fabio Marchetti、Giancarlo Pelizzi
DOI:10.1039/b005114o
日期:——
Carbamato displacement from the hydrocarbon soluble N,N-diisopropylcarbamato derivative Ti(O2CNiPr2)4, 1, by triphenylsilanol led to the bis(silanolato)bis(carbamato) complex Ti(O2CNiPr2)2(OSiPh3)2, 2. X-Ray diffraction showed the mononuclear compound 1 to contain eight-co-ordinated titanium with slightly asymmetric bidentate carbamato groups in a distorted dodecahedral geometry. Titanium is six-co-ordinated in 2 to six oxygen atoms belonging to two bidentate carbamato groups and to two cis-arranged silanolato ligands in a distorted octahedral geometry. Exhaustive carbamato displacement from titanium, carried out with a silanol∶titanium molar ratio > 4∶1, afforded the mononuclear tetrasilanolato complex Ti(OSiPh3)4, 3, containing a tetrahedral titanium centre.
X 射线衍射显示单核化合物 1 含有八个配位的钛,这些钛与略微不对称的双齿氨基甲酸乙酯基团呈扭曲的十二面体几何形状。钛在 2 中与六个氧原子六配位,分别属于两个双齿氨基甲酸基团和两个顺式排列的硅烷醇配体,呈扭曲的八面体几何形状。在硅醇∶钛摩尔比大于 4∶1 的条件下,从钛中完全置换出氨基甲酸乙酯,得到了含有一个四面体钛中心的单核四硅醇络合物 Ti(OSiPh3)4, 3。
The preparation, molecular structure and catalytic relevance of Ti(OSiPh3)4 and Ti(OGePh3)4
作者:Brian F.G. Johnson、Marek C. Klunduk、Caroline M. Martin、Gopinathan Sankar、Simon J. Teate、John Meurig Thomas
DOI:10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00744-5
日期:2000.2
The preparation, spectroscopic characterisation and molecular structures of the four-coordinate, tetrahedral and monomeric compounds Ti(OSiPh(3))(4) and Ti(OGePh(3))(4) are presented and discussed. The catalytic inactivity of both of these compounds may be rationalised on the basis of the steric inaccessibility of the substrates to the Ti(IV) active sites, which are effectively shrouded by the bulky triphenyl groups. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
MAKAROV, YU. V.;KORNEEV, N. N., XIMIYA I PRAKT. PRIMENENIE KREMNIJORGAN. SOED., L.,(1988) S. 67-68