恩诺沙星 | 93106-60-6

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 抗生素类药物 - 其它抗生素类药
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 喹啉及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 恩诺沙星
• 中文别名: 恩氟沙星；1-环丙基-7-(4-乙基-1-哌嗪基)-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸；恩氟沙星,1-环丙基-7-(4-乙基-1-哌嗪基)-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧代-3-喹啉羧酸；蒽诺沙星；1-环丙基-7-(4-乙基-1-哌嗪基)-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧代-3-喹啉羧酸
• 英文名称: enrofloxacin
• 英文别名: 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid；baytril；ENR；enrofloxacyn；1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid；1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid；ENF；1-Cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate
• CAS: 93106-60-6
• 化学式: C₁₉H₂₂FN₃O₃
• mdl: MFCD00792463
• 分子量: 359.4
• InChiKey: SPFYMRJSYKOXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  225 °C
• 沸点：
  560.5±50.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.385±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
• 溶解度：
  可溶于氯仿（轻微）、甲醇（非常轻微，加热）
• 物理描述：
  Solid
• 颜色/状态：
  Pale yellow crystals
• 碰撞截面：
  190.6 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]
• 稳定性/保质期：

  按规定使用和贮存的不会分解，应避光且保持干燥。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.2
• 重原子数：
  26
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  4.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.473
• 拓扑面积：
  64.1
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  7

ADMET

代谢

恩诺沙星及其活性代谢物环丙沙星在山羊体内的药代动力学研究，以2.5 mg/kg体重的剂量单次肌内给药后进行了调查。通过高效液相色谱法同时测定了恩诺沙星和环丙沙星的血浆浓度。恩诺沙星（1.13微克/毫升）和环丙沙星（0.24微克/毫升）的峰浓度（Cmax）分别在0.8小时和1.2小时观察到。恩诺沙星的消除半衰期（t1/2beta）、分布容积（Vd(area)）、总体清除率（Cl(B)）和平均滞留时间（MRT）分别为0.74小时、1.42升/千克、1329毫升/小时/千克和1.54小时。环丙沙星的t1/2beta、血浆浓度-时间曲线下面积（AUC）和MRT分别为1.38小时、0.74微克·小时/毫升和2.73小时。恩诺沙星转化为环丙沙星的代谢转化是显著的（36%），恩诺沙星和环丙沙星的血浆浓度之和在4小时内保持在或高于0.1微克/毫升。恩诺沙星似乎适用于治疗与对该药物敏感的病原体相关的山羊疾病。

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were investigated in goats after a single intramuscular administration of enrofloxacin at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined simultaneously by a HPLC method. The peak concentrations (Cmax) of enrofloxacin (1.13 microg/ml) and ciprofloxacin (0.24 microg/ml) were observed at 0.8 and 1.2 hr, respectively. The elimination half-life (t1/2beta), volume of distribution (Vd(area)), total body clearance (Cl(B)) and mean residence time (MRT) of enrofloxacin were 0.74 hr, 1.42 l/kg, 1329 ml/hr per kg and 1.54 hr, respectively. The t1/2beta, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the MRT of ciprofloxacin were 1.38 h, 0.74 microg h/ml and 2.73 h, respectively. The metabolic conversion of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin was appreciable (36%) and the sum of the plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was maintained at or above 0.1 microg/ml for up to 4 hr. Enrofloxacin appears to be useful for the treatment of goat diseases associated with pathogens sensitive to this drug.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

研究的目的是确定恩诺沙星和环丙沙星在体外对来自狗的大肠埃希菌和葡萄球菌分离株的相互作用。采用微量稀释棋盘法来确定药物对这些50株大肠埃希菌和50株β溶血性葡萄球菌临床分离株的相互作用。棋盘法试验显示，恩诺沙星和环丙沙星对大肠埃希菌和葡萄球菌临床分离株的作用是相加的。得出结论，对于环丙沙星比恩诺沙星更有效的细菌种类，如果证实这两种药物在体内有相加作用，那么恩诺沙星转化为环丙沙星可能会增强恩诺沙星的疗效。

The objective of the study was to determine the in vitro interaction between enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Escherichia coli and staphylococcal isolates from dogs. The microdilution checkerboard assay was used to determine the interaction of the drugs against 50 E. coli and 50 beta-haemolytic staphylococcal clinical isolates. The checkerboard assay revealed that the activity of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was additive against E. coli and staphylococcal clinical isolates. It was concluded that for bacterial species against which ciprofloxacin is more potent than enrofloxacin, the in vivo transformation of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin may enhance the efficacy of enrofloxacin, if additivity of the drugs is confirmed in vivo.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

基本治疗：建立专利气道。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有需要，协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿，如有必要进行治疗……。监测休克，如有必要进行治疗……。预测并处理癫痫发作……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在转运过程中，用生理盐水连续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。在去污后，用干燥的无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒药A和B/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

高级治疗：对于无意识、严重肺水肿或呼吸停止的患者，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常。 ... 开始静脉输液，使用D5W/SRP：“保持开放”，最低流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用乳酸钠林格氏液。注意液体过载的迹象。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象。用地西泮（安定）治疗癫痫。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗。/毒药A和B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

1999-2000年从不同农场的病猪中分离出的87株猪链球菌，通过纸片扩散试验、琼脂稀释试验和PCR检测方法，对这些菌株进行了大环内酯类和林肯酰胺类抗生素耐药性的筛选，扩增ermB基因和mefA/E基因。71%的分离株对大环内酯类和林肯酰胺类抗生素表现为固有耐药性（MLS(B)表型）。所有这些分离株在PCR中ermB基因为阳性，但mefA/E基因为阴性。对所有菌株确定了五种其他抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。所有菌株对青霉素敏感。99%的分离株对恩诺沙星和泰妙菌素敏感。85%的菌株对多西环素耐药。对8株猪链球菌的ermB基因的540bp片段进行了测序，并与5株人源肺炎链球菌和5株人源化脓链球菌的ermB基因进行了比较。在7株猪链球菌、1株肺炎链球菌和3株化脓链球菌分离株的这些片段之间发现了100%的同源性。本研究表明，猪链球菌对大环内酯类、林肯酰胺类和streptogramin B的耐药性是普遍存在的，并且是由ermB基因编码的核糖体甲基化介导的。

Eighty-seven Streptococcus suis isolates recovered in 1999-2000 from diseased pigs, all from different farms, were screened for resistance against macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics by the disk diffusion and agar dilution test and a PCR assay, amplifying the ermB gene and the mefA/E gene. Seventy-one percent of the isolates showed constitutive resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics (MLS(B)-phenotype). All these isolates were positive for the ermB gene in the PCR, but negative for the mefA/E gene. For all strains minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against five other antimicrobial agents were determined. All strains were susceptible to penicillin. Ninety-nine percent of the isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin and tiamulin. Eighty-five percent of the strains were resistant to doxycycline. A 540bp fragment of the ermB genes of eight S. suis strains was sequenced and compared with ermB genes of five S. pneumoniae and five S. pyogenes strains of human origin. A 100% homology was found between these fragments in seven S. suis, one S. pneumoniae and three of the S. pyogenes isolates.This study demonstrates that resistance against macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B is widespread in S. suis and mediated by ribosome methylation, encoded by the ermB gene.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

在本研究中，调查了恩诺沙星对生化、血液学和血气参数的影响。在治疗期间监测了实验室参数的变化。恩诺沙星以5毫克/千克肌肉注射，每日一次的方式给予10只健康犬，持续14天。观察到了酸中毒以及天门冬氨酸转氨酶、间接胆红素、钠、二氧化碳分压和平均红细胞体积水平的暂时性增加，以及无机磷、离子钙、钾、氧分压和标准碳酸氢盐水平的降低。本研究的结果表明，恩诺沙星对血气参数的这些观察效应在长期使用该药物时应予以考虑。

In the present study, effects of enrofloxacin on biochemical, hematological and blood gas parameters were investigated. Changes in laboratory parameters were monitored during the treatment period. Enrofloxacin was administered (5 mg/kg intramuscularly, once daily) to 10 healthy dogs for 14 days. Acidosis and temporary increases in aspartate aminotransferase, indirect bilirubin, sodium, partial pressure of CO2 and mean corpuscular volume levels as well as decreased levels of inorganic phosphorus, ionized calcium, potassium, partial pressure of O2 and standard bicarbonate were observed. The results of this study suggest that these observed effects of enrofloxacin on blood gas parameters should be taken into consideration in long-term use of the drug.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

恩诺沙星在5只健康的成年安哥拉山羊体内的药代动力学和生物利用度经过单次静脉（IV）和肌肉（IM）给药5毫克/千克体重（BW）后进行了确定。通过高效液相色谱法测量血浆中恩诺沙星的浓度。药代动力学最好由一个两室开放模型来描述。静脉和肌肉给药后的消除半衰期和分布体积相似（t1/2beta, 4.0至4.7小时和Vd(ss), 1.2至1.5 L/kg，分别）。恩诺沙星在肌肉给药后迅速（t1/2a, 0.25小时）且几乎完全吸收（F, 90%）。静脉和肌肉给药后24小时平均血浆恩诺沙星浓度（分别为0.07和0.09微克/毫升）高于大多数病原体的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值。总之，恩诺沙星（5毫克/千克BW）在安哥拉山羊体内的一次性静脉和肌肉给药可能对治疗由敏感病原体引起的传染病有用。

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of enrofloxacin were determined after single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations of 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) to 5 healthy adult Angora goats. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetics were best described by a 2-compartment open model. The elimination half-life and volume of distribution after IV and IM administrations were similar (t1/2beta, 4.0 to 4.7 hr and Vd(ss),1.2 to 1.5 L/kg, respectively). Enrofloxacin was rapidly (t1/2a, 0.25 hr) and almost completely absorbed (F, 90%) after IM administration. Mean plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin at 24 hr after IV and IM administration (0.07 and 0.09 microg/mL, respectively) were higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for most pathogens. In conclusion, once-daily IV and IM administration of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg BW) in Angora goats may be useful in treatment of infectious diseases caused by sensitive pathogens.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

对于给予五天每日口服剂量的马波沙星（MAR）（2.75毫克/千克）、恩诺沙星（ENR）（5.0毫克/千克）或迪氟沙星（DIF）（5.0毫克/千克）的狗（n=12）测定了血浆、尿液和皮肤中的药物浓度。还测定了ENR的活性代谢物环丙沙星（CIP）的浓度。三周期、三处理交叉实验设计包括治疗间21天的洗脱期。马波沙星的血浆药物浓度与时间曲线下的面积（AUC0-last，微克/毫升*小时）大于恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星/环丙沙星联合用药和迪氟沙星。马波沙星的最大浓度（CMAx）大于恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和迪氟沙星。马波沙星和迪氟沙星的血浆最大浓度时间（TMAx）相似；恩诺沙星的TMAx发生得更早，而环丙沙星的TMAx发生得更晚。马波沙星的血浆半衰期（t1/2）长于恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和迪氟沙星。迪氟沙星的尿液浓度低于马波沙星或恩诺沙星/环丙沙星联合用药，但马波沙星和恩诺沙星/环丙沙星联合用药的尿液浓度没有差异。给药后2小时，迪氟沙星的皮肤浓度低于马波沙星或恩诺沙星/环丙沙星联合用药，但马波沙星和恩诺沙星/环丙沙星联合用药的皮肤浓度没有差异。

Plasma, urine, and skin drug concentrations were determined for dogs (n=12) given five daily oral doses of marbofloxacin (MAR) (2.75 mg/kg), enrofloxacin (ENR) (5.0 mg/kg) or difloxacin (DIF) (5.0 mg/kg). Concentrations of the active metabolite of ENR, ciprofloxacin (CIP), were also determined. The three-period, three-treatment crossover experimental design included a 21-day washout period between treatments. Area under the plasma drug concentration vs. time curve (AUC0-last, microg/mlxhr of MAR was greater than for ENR, CIP, ENR/CIP combined, and DIF. Maximum concentration (Cmax) of MAR was greater than ENR, CIP, and DIF. Time of maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was similar for MAR and DIF; Tmax occurred earlier for ENR and later for CIP. Plasma half-life (t1/2) of MAR was longer than for ENR, CIP, and DIF. Urine concentrations of DIF were less than MAR or ENR/CIP combined, but urine concentrations of MAR and ENR/CIP combined did not differ. DIF skin concentrations were less than the concentrations of MAR or ENR/CIP combined 2 h after dosing, but skin concentrations of MAR and ENR/CIP combined did not differ.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在第一项实验中，对6匹马通过静脉注射（IV）给予恩诺沙星，剂量为7.5毫克/千克体重。注射后5分钟，平均血清浓度为9.04微克/毫升，并在24小时内降至0.09微克/毫升。消除半衰期为5.33 ± 1.05小时，血清浓度与时间曲线下的面积（AUC）为21.03 ± 5.19毫克×小时/升。在第二项实验中，相同的恩诺沙星注射剂型通过口服（IG）给药。平均峰值血清浓度在给药后4小时为0.94 ± 0.97微克/毫升，并在24小时内降至0.29 ± 0.12微克/毫升。这种恩诺沙星制剂经口服给药后的吸收非常不稳定，因此无法为每匹马确定药代动力学值。在第三项实验中，一种家禽用恩诺沙星制剂（32.3毫克/毫升）通过口服给药。平均峰值血清浓度在给药后45分钟为1.85 ± 1.47微克/毫升，并在24小时内降至0.19 ± 0.06微克/毫升。消除半衰期为10.62 ± 5.33小时，AUC为16.30 ± 4.69毫克×小时/升。生物利用度计算为78.29 ± 16.55%。在11个月的时间内，对提交到微生物实验室的马细菌培养物标本进行了恩诺沙星的最小抑菌浓度测定。恩诺沙星抑制90%分离株（MIC90）的最小抑菌浓度为0.25微克/毫升，针对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌属、克雷伯氏菌属和巴氏杆菌属。家禽用恩诺沙星制剂耐受性良好，可能对成年马的治疗敏感细菌感染有潜在用途。恩诺沙星注射溶液不应口服使用。

Serum concentrations and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin were studied in 6 mares after intravenous (IV) and intragastric (IG) administration at a single dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. In experiment 1, an injectable formulation of enrofloxacin (100 mg/ml) was given IV. At 5 min after injection, mean serum concentration was 9.04 microg/mL and decreased to 0.09 microg/mL by 24 hr. Elimination half-life was 5.33 +/- 1.05 hr and the area under the serum concentration vs time curve (AUC) was 21.03 +/- 5.19 mg x hr/L. In experiment 2, the same injectable formulation was given IG. The mean peak serum concentration was 0.94 +/- 0.97 microg/ml at 4 hr after administration and declined to 0.29 +/- 0.12 microg/ml by 24 hr. Absorption of this enrofloxacin preparation after IG administration was highly variable, and for this reason, pharmacokinetic values for each mare could not be determined. In experiment 3, a poultry formulation (32.3 mg/ml) was given IG. The mean peak serum concentration was 1.85 +/- 1.47 microg/ml at 45 min after administration and declined to 0.19 +/- 0.06 microg/mL by 24 h. Elimination half-life was 10.62 +/- 5.33 h and AUC was 16.30 +/- 4.69 mg x h/L. Bioavailability was calculated at 78.29 +/- 16.55%. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin were determined for equine bacterial culture specimens submitted to the microbiology laboratory over an 11-month period. The minimum inhibitory concentration of enrofloxacin required to inhibit 90% of isolates (MIC90) was 0.25 microg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., and Pasteurella spp. The poultry formulation was well tolerated and could be potentially useful in the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in adult horses. The injectable enrofloxacin solution should not be used orally.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

测定了健康和感染大肠杆菌的肉鸡单次静脉和口服给予恩诺沙星（10 mg/kg）后血浆中的恩诺沙星等效活性浓度。在多次口服给药（连续3天，每天10 mg/kg）后，研究了组织分布和残留消除情况。使用房室和非房室分析方法确定了药代动力学变量。静脉给药后，感染鸟类的血浆恩诺沙星浓度低于健康鸟类，最好用双室模型描述。感染鸟类的恩诺沙星半衰期（t1/2 beta）为4.75小时，而健康鸟类为3.63小时；平均滞留时间（MRT）为6.72小时和4.90小时；中心室的表观体积（Vc）为1.11和1.57 l/kg；从外周室到中心室的转移速率常数（k21）为1.15和1.41 hr^-1；总清除率（ClB）为0.35和0.53 l/hr/kg。口服给药后，感染鸟类的吸收半衰期（t1/2abs）显著长于健康鸟类，而消除半衰期（t1/2el）和MRT显著缩短。感染鸟类的生物利用度（72.50%）高于健康鸟类（69.78%）。在每天口服给药10 mg/kg连续3天后，恩诺沙星在健康和感染鸟类的组织中均可检测到，肝脏、肾脏和胸肌中含量较高。恩诺沙星对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.064微克/毫升。根据维持恩诺沙星血浆浓度高于MIC的标准，静脉给药每20.14小时一次或口服给药每20.86小时一次，应该能够提供对鸡大肠杆菌感染有效的组织浓度。

Concentrations of enrofloxacin equivalent activity were determined by microbiological assay in the plasma of healthy and E. coli-infected broilers following single intravenous and oral administrations at 10 mg/kg. Tissue distribution and residue-depletion following multiple oral doses (10 mg/kg for 3 successive days) were investigated. Pharmacokinetic variables were determined using compartmental and non-compartmental analytical methods. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations after intravenous dosing to healthy and infected birds were best described by a two-compartments model. Enrofloxacin concentrations in plasma of infected birds were lower than those of healthy ones. The disposition kinetics of intravenously administered drug in healthy and infected birds were somewhat different. The elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) was 4.75 vs. 3.63 hr; mean residence time (MRT) was 6.72 vs 4.90 hr; apparent volume of the central compartment (Vc) was 1.11 vs 1.57 l/kg; rate constant for transfer from peripheral to central compartment (k21) was 1.15 vs 1.41 hr-1 and total body clearance (ClB) was 0.35 vs 0.53 l/hr/kg in healthy and infected birds, respectively. After oral administration, the absorption half-life (t1/2abs) in the infected birds was significantly longer than in healthy birds, while elimination half-life (t1/2el) and MRT were significantly shorter. Bioavailability was higher in infected birds (72.50%) as compared to healthy ones (69.78%). Enrofloxacin was detected in the tissues of healthy and infected birds after daily oral dosing of 10 mg/kg for 3 days. It was more concentrated in liver, kidney, and breast muscle. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of enrofloxacin against E. coli was 0.064 microgram/ml. On the basis of maintaining enrofloxacin plasma concentrations over the MIC, a dose of 10 mg/kg given intravenously every 20.14 hr or orally every 20.86 hr should provide tissue concentrations effective against E. coli infection in chickens.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S26,S36/37
• 危险类别码：
  R36/37/38
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  29339900
• 危险品运输编号：
  NONH for all modes of transport
• RTECS号：
  VB1993650
• 危险性防范说明：
  P280,P305+P351+P338
• 危险性描述：