twisting-promoted rate enhancement. Furthermore, the reagent is efficient for selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides, a transformation that otherwise occurs only sluggishly with standard IBX. The facile synthetic accessibility and its mild as well as non-hazardous nature render Me-IBX a stable equivalent of Dess–Martin periodinane reagent in organic oxidations.
We designed and synthesized lambda(5)-cyclic periodinanes 1 and 2, which are homologous to IBX (1-hydroxyl-oxo-1H-1 lambda(5)-benzo[d][1,2]iodoxol-3-one) by one carbon, to thwart close packing of molecules in the crystal lattice to permit solubility in common organic solvents and to facilitate oxidations with enhanced reactivity. The X-ray crystal structures revealed that both 1 and 2 exist in the solid state as pseudocyclic (PC) acids, i.e., 1PC and 2PC, and that the molecules in the lattice are less weakly associated as compared to those in the parent IBX due to the twisting introduced via the sp(3) benzylic carbon. Both 1PC and 2PC are found to dissolve in palpable amounts in DCM and acetonitrile to allow oxidation of a variety of alcohols and sulfides to carbonyl compounds and sulfoxides in a facile manner. The subtle differences in the sterics due to methyl and ethyl substituents in 1PC and 2PC are found to manifest in contrasting reactivities in that the oxidations of alcohols occur faster with 2PC, while those of sulfides to sulfoxides occur more rapidly with 1PC.
Enantioselective Catalytic Oxidation of (Arylthio)- or (Alkylthio)methylphosphonates as a Route to Enantiomeric Pure Aryl Alkyl or Dialkyl Sulfoxides
作者:Maria Annunziata M. Capozzi、Cosimo Cardellicchio、Giuseppe Fracchiolla、Francesco Naso、Paolo Tortorella
DOI:10.1021/ja982836w
日期:1999.5.1
CHEMICAL ADDITIVES FOR WATER FLUX ENHANCEMENT
申请人:LG NANOH2O, INC.
公开号:US20170014779A1
公开(公告)日:2017-01-19
Provided are flux enhancing inclusion complexes for preparing highly permeable thin film composite membranes, and processes that include adding the flux enhancing inclusion complexes to the organic phase or aqueous phase prior to interfacial polymerization of the thin film composite membrane. The thin film composite membranes are suitable for nanofiltration, and reverse and forward osmosis. The provided processes can include contacting a porous support membrane with an aqueous phase containing a polyamine to form a coated support membrane, and applying an organic phase containing a polyfunctional acid halide and a flux enhancing inclusion complex to the coated support membrane to interfacially polymerize the polyamine and the polyfunctional acid halide to form a discrimination layer to form thin film composite membranes.