The rational design, synthesis and demonstration of the recognition and binding of a diaza-dioxa-12-crown-4 diphosphonate macrocycle to all crystal growth faces of barium sulfate
作者:Dirk Bosbach、Peter V. Coveney、Jonathan L. W. Griffin、Andrew Putnis、Peter Risthaus、Stephen Stackhouse、Andrew Whiting
DOI:10.1039/b203285f
日期:2002.6.27
Computer-aided molecular design and virtual screening of a series of amino phosphonic acid derivatives were used to probe the probable interaction of these compounds as potential crystal growth inhibitors of barium sulfate, as judged by their ability to bind efficiently to all of the possible growing faces. As a result, a diphosphonic acid derivative of a 1,7-dioxa-4,10-diaza-12-crown-4 system 5 was proposed as a potential inhibitor of barium sulfate crystallisation. A subsequent synthesis of this macrocycle was developed, together with other larger-ring oxa-aza crown derivatives. Macrocycle 5 proved to be a highly efficient inhibitor of barium sulfate crystal growth at a level of 0.096 mM, as evidenced by the changes brought about in crystal morphology. Work was therefore undertaken to probe the mechanism of action of 5 using adsorption isotherms, mixed
flow reactor and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. It was possible to show that 5 inhibits effectively in solution by covering the growing surfaces, as observed on the 001 surface, effectively inhibiting two-dimensional nucleation as well as monolayer-step growth.
通过对一系列氨基膦酸衍生物进行计算机辅助分子设计和虚拟筛选,探究了这些化合物作为硫酸钡潜在晶体生长抑制剂的可能相互作用,其判断标准是这些化合物与所有可能的生长面有效结合的能力。结果,1,7-二氧杂-4,10-二氮杂-12-冠-4 体系 5 的二膦酸衍生物被认为是硫酸钡结晶的潜在抑制剂。随后,该大环与其他较大环的氧杂-氮杂冠衍生物一起进行了合成。在 0.096 毫摩尔的水平上,大环 5 被证明是硫酸钡晶体生长的高效抑制剂,晶体形态的变化就是证明。因此,研究人员利用吸附等温线、混流反应器和原子力显微镜(AFM)测量方法对 5 的作用机理进行了研究。结果表明,5 在溶液中通过覆盖生长表面有效地抑制了晶体生长,正如在 001 表面观察到的那样,它有效地抑制了二维成核和单层阶梯生长。