In the presence of an active Ir-based catalyst, azulene underwent stepwise borylation with bis(pinacolato)diboron to produce polyborylated products. The reactivity of the ring atoms toward borylation was found to decrease in the following order: 2-position>1,3-positiotls>6-position>5,7-positions. Extension of the borylation to some azulenes Substituted at the five-membered ring was also examined. Furthermore, the reaction of 2,6-bis(4,4,5.5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanyl)azulene (3a) with an equivalent of hydrogen peroxide revealed that the oxidation proceeds preferentially at the 6-position. This indicates that the reactivity of the boryl group is governed by the pi-polarization of the azulenyl skeleton. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
1,3,5,7-Tetra(Bpin)azulene by Exhaustive Direct Borylation of Azulene and 5,7-Di(Bpin)azulene by Selective Subsequent Deborylation
摘要:
Exhaustive borylation of azulene with excess bis(pinacolato)-diboron (B(2)pin(2)) under conditions that promote equilibration of the borylated azulenes provides a convenient one-step synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetra(Bpin)azulene as the major product. The Bpin substituents at positions 1 and 3 can be conveniently removed from 1,3,5,7-tetra-(Bpin)azulene by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature to give 5,7-di(Bpin)azulene. The utility of 5,7-di(Bpin)azulene as a synthetic precursor to 5,7-disubstituted azulenes that are otherwise difficult to access is demonstrated by Suzuki coupling to give the previously unknown 5,7-diphenylazulene.
In the presence of an active Ir-based catalyst, azulene underwent stepwise borylation with bis(pinacolato)diboron to produce polyborylated products. The reactivity of the ring atoms toward borylation was found to decrease in the following order: 2-position>1,3-positiotls>6-position>5,7-positions. Extension of the borylation to some azulenes Substituted at the five-membered ring was also examined. Furthermore, the reaction of 2,6-bis(4,4,5.5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanyl)azulene (3a) with an equivalent of hydrogen peroxide revealed that the oxidation proceeds preferentially at the 6-position. This indicates that the reactivity of the boryl group is governed by the pi-polarization of the azulenyl skeleton. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
1,3,5,7-Tetra(Bpin)azulene by Exhaustive Direct Borylation of Azulene and 5,7-Di(Bpin)azulene by Selective Subsequent Deborylation
Exhaustive borylation of azulene with excess bis(pinacolato)-diboron (B(2)pin(2)) under conditions that promote equilibration of the borylated azulenes provides a convenient one-step synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetra(Bpin)azulene as the major product. The Bpin substituents at positions 1 and 3 can be conveniently removed from 1,3,5,7-tetra-(Bpin)azulene by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature to give 5,7-di(Bpin)azulene. The utility of 5,7-di(Bpin)azulene as a synthetic precursor to 5,7-disubstituted azulenes that are otherwise difficult to access is demonstrated by Suzuki coupling to give the previously unknown 5,7-diphenylazulene.