Pharmacological Characterization of Ecstasy Synthesis Byproducts with Recombinant Human Monoamine Transporters
作者:Christian Pifl、Gabor Nagy、Sándor Berényi、Alexandra Kattinger、Harald Reither、Sándor Antus
DOI:10.1124/jpet.105.084426
日期:2005.7
Ecstasy samples often contain byproducts of the illegal, uncontrolled synthesis of N -methyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). MDMA and eight chemically defined byproducts of MDMA synthesis were investigated for their interaction with the primary sites of action of MDMA, namely the human plasmalemmal monamine transporters for norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine [(norepinephrine transporter (NET), serotonin transporter (SERT), and dopamine transporter (DAT)]. SK-N-MC neuroblastoma and human embryonic kidney cells stably transfected with the transporter cDNA were used for uptake and release experiments. Two of the eight compounds, 1,3-bis (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-propanamine ( 12 ) and N -formyl-1,3-bis (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-prop-2-yl-amine ( 13 ) had uptake inhibitory potencies with IC50 values in the low micromolar range similar to MDMA. Compounds with nitro instead of amino groups and a phenylethenyl instead of a phenylethyl structure or a formamide or acetamide modification had IC50 values beyond 100 μM. MDMA, 12 , and 13 were examined for induction of carrier-mediated release by superfusion of transporter expressing cells preloaded with the metabolically inert transporter substrate [3H]1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. MDMA induced release mediated by NET, SERT, or DAT with EC50 values of 0.64, 1.12, and 3.24 μM, respectively. 12 weakly released from NET- and SERT-expressing cells with maximum effects less than one-tenth of that of MDMA and did not release from DAT cells. 13 had no releasing activity. 12 and 13 inhibited release induced by MDMA, and the concentration dependence of this effect correlated with their uptake inhibitory potency at the various transporters. These results do not support a neurotoxic potential of the examined ecstasy synthesis byproducts and provide interesting structure-activity relationships on the transporters.
摇头丸样本通常含有非法、无法控制合成 N-甲基-3,4-亚甲基二氧基安非他命或 3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基安非他命(MDMA)的副产品。研究了 MDMA 及其八种化学定义的合成副产品与 MDMA 的主要作用位点之间的相互作用,即人类质膜单胺转运体:去甲肾上腺素转运体(NET)、血清素转运体(SERT)和多巴胺转运体(DAT)。使用稳定转染了转运体 cDNA 的 SK-N-MC 神经母细胞瘤细胞和人胚肾细胞进行摄取和释放实验。八种化合物中,1,3-双(3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯基)-2-丙胺(12)和 N-甲酰基-1,3-双(3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯基)-丙-2-基-胺(13)具有与 MDMA 相似的低微摩尔范围内的摄取抑制效力(IC50 值)。含有硝基而不是氨基基团、苯乙烯结构替代苯乙基结构或具有甲酰胺或乙酰胺修饰的化合物的 IC50 值超过 100 μM。MDMA、12 和 13 被检测以诱导通过静脉灌注表达转运体的细胞释放之前负载有代谢惰性转运体底物 [3H]1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶。MDMA 诱导了 NET、SERT 或 DAT 所介导的释放,EC50 值分别为 0.64、1.12 和 3.24 μM。12 在 NET 和 SERT 表达细胞中弱释放,其最大效应不到 MDMA 的十分之一,并且不会从 DAT 细胞释放。13 没有释放活性。12 和 13 抑制了 MDMA 诱导的释放,这一效应的浓度依赖性与它们在不同转运体中的摄取抑制效力相关。这些结果不支持所研究的摇头丸合成副产品具有神经毒性潜力,并提供了有关转运体有趣的结构-活性关系。