Pharmacological, Mechanistic, and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Novel Melatonin-Tamoxifen Drug Conjugates as Breast Cancer Drugs
作者:Mahmud Hasan、Mohamed Akmal Marzouk、Saugat Adhikari、Thomas D. Wright、Benton P. Miller、Margarite D. Matossian、Steven Elliott、Maryl Wright、Madlin Alzoubi、Bridgette M. Collins-Burow、Matthew E. Burow、Ulrike Holzgrabe、Darius P. Zlotos、Robert E. Stratford、Paula A. Witt-Enderby
DOI:10.1124/mol.119.116202
日期:2019.8
Tamoxifen is used to prevent and treat estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC); however, its chronic use can increase uterine cancer risk and induce tamoxifen resistance. Novel melatonin-tamoxifen drug conjugates may be promising to treat BC and may help offset the adverse effects of tamoxifen usage alone due to the presence of melatonin. We synthesized and screened five drug conjugates (C2, C4, C5, C9, and C15 linked) for their effects on BC cell (MCF-7, tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7, mouse mammary carcinoma, MDA-MB-231, and BT-549) viability, migration, and binding affinity to melatonin receptor 1 (MT1R) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). C4 and C5 demonstrated the most favorable pharmacological characteristics with respect to binding profiles (affinity for ESR1 and MT1R) and their potency/efficacy to inhibit BC cell viability and migration in four phenotypically diverse invasive ductal BC cell lines. C4 and C5 were further assessed for their actions against tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cells and a patient-derived xenograft triple-negative BC cell line (TU-BcX-4IC) and for their mechanisms of action using selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MEK1/2, MEK5, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. C4 and C5 inhibited tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cells with equal potency (IC50 = 4–8 μ M) and efficacy (∼90% inhibition of viability and migration) but demonstrated increased potency (IC50 = 80–211 μ M) and efficacy (∼140% inhibition) to inhibit migration versus cell viability (IC50 = 181–304 mM; efficacy ∼80% inhibition) in TU-BcX-4IC cells. Unique pharmacokinetic profiles were observed, with C4 having greater bioavailability than C5. Further assessment of C4 and C5 demonstrates that they create novel pharmacophores within each BC cell that is context specific and involves MEK1/2/pERK1/2, MEK5/pERK5, PI3K, and nuclear factor κ B. These melatonin-tamoxifen drug conjugates show promise as novel anticancer drugs and further preclinical and clinical evaluation is warranted.
他莫昔芬用于预防和治疗雌激素受体阳性(ER+)乳腺癌(BC);然而,长期使用它会增加子宫癌风险并诱发他莫昔芬耐药性。新型褪黑素-他莫昔芬药物结合物可能有望治疗乳腺癌,并且可能有助于抵消单独使用他莫昔芬时由于褪黑素的存在而产生的副作用。我们合成并筛选了五种药物缀合物(C2、C4、C5、C9 和 C15 连接)对 BC 细胞(MCF-7、三苯氧胺耐药 MCF-7、小鼠乳腺癌、MDA-MB-231 和 BT)的影响-549) 活力、迁移以及与褪黑激素受体 1 (MT1R) 和雌激素受体 1 (ESR1) 的结合亲和力。 C4 和 C5 在结合谱(对 ESR1 和 MT1R 的亲和力)方面表现出最有利的药理学特征,并且在四种表型不同的侵袭性导管细胞系中抑制 BC 细胞活力和迁移的效力/功效。使用选择性丝裂原激活蛋白激酶激酶进一步评估 C4 和 C5 对他莫昔芬耐药的 MCF-7 细胞和患者来源的异种移植三阴性 BC 细胞系 (TU-BcX-4IC) 的作用及其作用机制MEK1/2、MEK5 和磷酸肌醇 3-激酶 (PI3K) 抑制剂。 C4 和 C5 以相同的效力 (IC50 = 4–8 μM) 和功效(抑制活力和迁移约 90%)抑制他莫昔芬耐药 MCF-7 细胞,但表现出更高的效力 (IC50 = 80–211 μM) 和功效(~140% 抑制)抑制 TU-BcX-4IC 细胞中的迁移与细胞活力(IC50 = 181–304 mM;功效~80% 抑制)。观察到独特的药代动力学特征,C4 比 C5 具有更高的生物利用度。对 C4 和 C5 的进一步评估表明,它们在每个 BC 细胞内产生新的药效团,这些药效团具有特定的背景,并涉及 MEK1/2/pERK1/2、MEK5/pERK5、PI3K 和核因子 κ B。这些褪黑素-他莫昔芬药物缀合物显示出前景作为新型抗癌药物,有必要进行进一步的临床前和临床评价。