甾醇(sterol)是一类存在于自然界中的甾族化合物(steroid),尽管含量不多,但因其在固态下存在而被称为固醇。它属于大分子醇类,并且是油脂中不皂化物的主要成分之一。根据来源的不同,甾醇可以分为三大类:动物甾醇、植物甾醇和菌甾醇。
生理作用植物甾醇(谷甾醇)被认为是一种温和的自由基清除剂,在维持细胞膜稳定性、抑制炎症、防治动脉粥样硬化及抗癌等方面具有积极作用。此外,它还具有抗炎与免疫调节作用,是较早被发现的功能之一。
主要性质植物甾醇具有两性特征,使其能够调控反相膜流动性;同时,由于其结构上带有羟基集团,表现出一定的亲水性和疏水性,侧链越大,甾醇的疏水性越强。植物甾醇比重略大于水,不溶于水但可溶于多种有机溶剂。
应用在医学与食品科学中,植物甾醇具有广泛的生物学功能。通过科学使用植物甾醇,可以促进动物生长、改善健康状况,并用于各种保健产品中。例如,补充小鼠饮食的研究发现,β-谷甾醇对身体质量积累效果明显。
化学性质及用途本品为白色鳞片状或针状结晶粉末,无臭无味,在氯仿和二硫化碳中极易溶解,在乙醇或丙酮中微溶,不溶于水。β-谷甾醇具有降胆固醇、止咳、祛痰以及抑制肿瘤和修复组织的作用。
生产方法以米糠油下脚为原料,经过以下步骤生产:
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 24-ethyl-cholesta-5,25-dien-3β-ol | 105226-41-3 | C29H48O | 412.7 |
胆固醇 | cholesterol | 57-88-5 | C27H46O | 386.662 |
豆甾醇 | Stigmasterol | 83-48-7 | C29H48O | 412.7 |
—— | 24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol | 32345-19-0 | C29H48O | 412.7 |
—— | 3β-O-methylsitosterol | —— | C30H52O | 428.742 |
—— | iso-stigmasteryl methyl ether | 10453-25-5 | C30H50O | 426.726 |
—— | Stigmasterol methyl ether | —— | C30H50O | 426.7 |
—— | β-sitosterol trimethylsilyl ether | 2625-46-9 | C32H58OSi | 486.897 |
β-谷甾醇乙酸酯 | stigmast-5-en-3-yl acetate | 915-05-9 | C31H52O2 | 456.753 |
醋酸豆甾醇 | stigmasterol acetate | 4651-48-3 | C31H50O2 | 454.737 |
—— | β-sitosterol-3-O-(3Z)-pentacos-3-enoate | —— | C54H96O2 | 777.355 |
(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3-氯-17-[(2R,5R)-5-乙基-6-甲基庚烷-2-基]-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十二氢-1H-环戊二烯并[a]菲 | (24R)-3β-chlorostigmast-5-ene | 33999-15-4 | C29H49Cl | 433.161 |
4-胆甾烯-3-酮 | Cholest-4-en-3-one | 601-57-0 | C27H44O | 384.646 |
西托糖苷 | Daucosterol | 474-58-8 | C35H60O6 | 576.858 |
—— | β-sitosterol-D-glucoside | 474-58-8 | C35H60O6 | 576.858 |
—— | daucosterol | —— | C35H60O6 | 576.858 |
—— | β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | 1131372-16-1 | C35H60O6 | 576.858 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
豆甾醇 | Stigmasterol | 83-48-7 | C29H48O | 412.7 |
—— | 3β-O-methylsitosterol | —— | C30H52O | 428.742 |
—— | iso-stigmasteryl methyl ether | 10453-25-5 | C30H50O | 426.726 |
—— | (24R)-24-ethyl-5-cholesten-3β-yl formate | —— | C30H50O2 | 442.726 |
孕烯醇酮 | Pregnenolone | 145-13-1 | C21H32O2 | 316.484 |
—— | 7α/β-hydroxysitosterol | —— | C29H50O2 | 430.715 |
—— | 5-stigmasten-3β,7β-diol | 4863-54-1 | C29H50O2 | 430.715 |
3beta,7alpha-二羟基豆甾-5-烯 | 7α-hydroxysitosterol | 34427-61-7 | C29H50O2 | 430.715 |
去氢表雄酮 | dehydroepiandrosterone | 53-43-0 | C19H28O2 | 288.43 |
delta7-豆甾烯醇 | 22-dihydrospinasterol | 521-03-9 | C29H50O | 414.715 |
—— | (24R)-stigmast-5-en-3β,4β-diol | 141602-53-1 | C29H50O2 | 430.715 |
—— | β-sitosterol trimethylsilyl ether | 2625-46-9 | C32H58OSi | 486.897 |
β-谷甾醇乙酸酯 | stigmast-5-en-3-yl acetate | 915-05-9 | C31H52O2 | 456.753 |
—— | 3β-acetoxysitosterol | 4651-54-1 | C31H52O2 | 456.753 |
—— | isofucosterol acetate | 6035-62-7 | C31H50O2 | 454.737 |
—— | (24R)-stigmast-1,5-dien-3β-ol | —— | C29H48O | 412.7 |
—— | Δ5-stigmasterol | 521-04-0 | C29H48O | 412.7 |
4-甲基胆甾-7-烯-3-醇 | cholest-4α-methyl-7-en-3β-ol | 481-25-4 | C28H48O | 400.689 |
—— | 4α-methyl-5α-cholesta-7,24-dien-3β-ol | —— | C28H46O | 398.673 |
—— | 3.6-Dihydroxy-stigmast-4-en | —— | C29H50O2 | 430.715 |
—— | stigmast-4-ene-3β,6β-diol | 113626-76-9 | C29H50O2 | 430.715 |
—— | 4α-methyl-5α-cholesta-8(14),24-dien-3β-ol | —— | C28H46O | 398.673 |
4alpha-甲基-5alpha-胆甾-8(14)-烯-3beta-醇 | 4α-methyl-5α-cholest-8(14)-en-3β-ol | 62014-96-4 | C28H48O | 400.689 |
7-氧代-beta-谷甾醇 | 3β-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one | 2034-74-4 | C29H48O2 | 428.699 |
[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-乙基-6-甲基庚烷-2-基]-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十二氢-1H-环戊二烯并[a]菲-3-基](E)-十八碳-9-烯酸酯 | stigmast-5-en-3-ol, oleate | 3712-16-1 | C47H82O2 | 679.167 |
—— | β-Sitosterol laurate | —— | C41H72O2 | 597.021 |
软脂酸谷甾醇酯 | β-sitosterol palmitate | 2308-85-2 | C45H80O2 | 653.129 |
β-谷甾基十八碳烯酸酯硬脂酸谷甾醇酯 | sitosteryl stearate | 34137-25-2 | C47H84O2 | 681.183 |
—— | stigmast-5-ene | 76866-91-6 | C29H50 | 398.716 |
beta-谷甾醇硫酸酯 | β-sitosterol sulfate | 24815-93-8 | C29H50O4S | 494.78 |
—— | β-sitosterol linoleic acid ester | —— | C47H80O2 | 677.151 |
—— | β-sitosteryl linolenate | 3177-92-2 | C47H78O2 | 675.135 |
—— | campesteryl linolenate | 94365-87-4 | C46H76O2 | 661.108 |
—— | stigmasterol linolenate | 71607-87-9 | C47H76O2 | 673.119 |
—— | 4β,7α-dihydroxy-β-sitosterol | 1384981-77-4 | C29H50O3 | 446.714 |
6-羟基豆甾-4-烯-3-酮 | 6β-hydroxysitostenone | 36450-02-9 | C29H48O2 | 428.699 |
—— | 6β-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one | —— | C29H48O2 | 428.699 |
(20S)-21-羟基-20-甲基孕甾-4-烯-3-酮 | (20S)-20-hydroxymethylpregn-4-en-3-one | 40736-33-2 | C22H34O2 | 330.511 |
—— | (24R)-3β-acetoxystigmast-5-en-7-one | 18376-53-9 | C31H50O3 | 470.736 |
维生素 D3 | vitamin D3 | 67-97-0 | C27H44O | 384.646 |
—— | stigmast-4-en-3β-ol-6-one | 130798-13-9 | C29H48O2 | 428.699 |
(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3-氯-17-[(2R,5R)-5-乙基-6-甲基庚烷-2-基]-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十二氢-1H-环戊二烯并[a]菲 | (24R)-3β-chlorostigmast-5-ene | 33999-15-4 | C29H49Cl | 433.161 |
—— | 3β-iodo-stigmastene-(5) | —— | C29H49I | 524.613 |
睾酮 | testosterone | 58-22-0 | C19H28O2 | 288.43 |
表睾酮 | epitestosterone | 481-30-1 | C19H28O2 | 288.43 |
豆甾-3,5-二烯 | (24R)-stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one | 79897-80-6 | C29H48 | 396.7 |
beta-谷甾酮 | β-sitostenone | 51529-11-4 | C29H48O | 412.7 |
BETA-扶桑甾醇氧化物 | stigmast-4-en-3-one | 1058-61-3 | C29H48O | 412.7 |
—— | 4-Stigmasten-3-one | 1058-61-3 | C29H48O | 412.7 |
—— | thiositosterol | 74574-01-9 | C29H50S | 430.782 |
(3beta)-豆甾-5-烯-3-基苯甲酸酯 | β-sitosteryl benzoate | 1900-52-3 | C36H54O2 | 518.824 |
—— | 3-Oxo-4-pregnene-20α-carboxylic acid | —— | C22H32O3 | 344.494 |
9α-羟基-4-雄甾烯-3,17-二酮 | 9-alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione | 560-62-3 | C19H26O3 | 302.414 |
宝丹酮 | 1-dehydrotestosterone | 846-48-0 | C19H26O2 | 286.414 |
—— | β-sitosterol β-D-xylopyranoside | 93772-33-9 | C34H58O5 | 546.832 |
11b-羟基-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮 | 11α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione | 564-33-0 | C19H26O3 | 302.414 |
—— | 3β-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one | 206554-44-1 | C29H46O2 | 426.683 |
—— | (E/Z)-3α-hydroxy-6-ethylidene-7-keto-5β-cholan-24-oic acid | 915038-24-3 | C26H40O4 | 416.601 |
—— | (22E,24R)-stigmasta-1,4-dien-3-one | 64700-25-0 | C29H46O | 410.684 |
雄烯二酮 | Androstenedione | 63-05-8 | C19H26O2 | 286.414 |
西托糖苷 | Daucosterol | 474-58-8 | C35H60O6 | 576.858 |
—— | stigmast-5-ene-3β,4β-diyl diacetate | 171369-29-2 | C33H54O4 | 514.789 |
豆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮 | stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione | 23670-94-2 | C29H46O2 | 426.683 |