Selectivity in the ring-expansion and ring-switching reactions of bicyclooxonium ions
作者:Tohru Kamada、Ge-Qing、Manabu Abe、Akira Oku
DOI:10.1039/p19960000413
日期:——
Treatment of ω-(2-oxacycloalkyl)alkyl bromides 5a–e with Ag2O in the presence of a nucleophile (acetic or trifluoroacetic acid) yielded ring-expanded product 8, ring-switched product 7 or/and non-rearranged product 6. Regioselectivity in the nucleophilic attack on the intermediate bicyclooxonium ions 10 governs the product formation. Bicyclo [n.3.0] oxonium ions (n= 3, 4, 5) 10a–c, which can be formed from tetrahydrofuranylalkyl bromides 5a–c, underwent nucleophilic attack at the five-membered ring to produce a ring-switched product 7. Only bicyclo [3.3.0] ion 10a can undergo the preferential attack at the bridgehead position releasing ring strain to produce a ring-expanded product 8 in addition to the formation of 7. Similarly, in the reaction of tetrahydropyranylpropyl and oxepanylpropyl bromides 5d,e, initially formed bicyclo[m+ 2.3.0]oxonium ions (m= 2,3) underwent strain release by cleavage of a five-membered ring resulting in the exclusive formation of non-rearranged products 6d and 6e, respectively. The reason for the observed selectivity is discussed.
在亲核剂(乙酸或三氟乙酸)存在的情况下,用 Ag2O 处理ω-(2-氧代环烷基)溴化烷基 5a-e 可得到环扩张产物 8、环切换产物 7 或/和非重排产物 6。中间体双环氧鎓离子 10 的亲核攻击的区域选择性决定了产物的形成。双环[n.3.0]羰基离子(n= 3、4、5)10a-c 可由四氢呋喃烷基溴化物 5a-c 生成,在五元环上发生亲核攻击,生成环交换产物 7。只有双环[3.3.0]离子 10a 能在桥头位置发生优先攻击,释放环应变,除生成 7 外,还生成环扩展产物 8。同样,在四氢吡丙基溴和氧代丙基溴 5d,e 的反应中,最初形成的双环[m+ 2.3.0]羰基离子(m= 2,3)通过裂解五元环释放应变,分别生成了非重排产物 6d 和 6e。本文讨论了观察到的选择性的原因。