Utility of nicotinoyl derivatives in structural studies of mono- and diacylglycerols by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Part 1
摘要:
AbstractThe 1‐ and 2‐monoacylglycerols and 1,2‐ and 1,3‐diacylglycerols of saturated and unbranched fatty acids with 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbon atoms were synthesized and subsequently derivatized with nicotinic acid chloride hydrochloride. The resulting nicotinoyl derivatives were examined by mass spectrometry in the case of pure substances and as mixtures by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). From the electron impact mass spectra, differentiation between mono‐ and diacylglycerols and between the two positional isomers of mono‐acylglycerols and diacylglycerols is possible. The molecular masses of the partial acylglycerols and the identities of the bonded fatty acid were also determined. Similarly to the nicotinoyl derivatives of saturated fatty alcohols, the nicotinoyl derivatives of partial acylglycerols produce a fragmentation pattern that reflects every methylene group of the alkyl chains. These results offer rules for the structure elucidation of partially acylated acylglycerols and probably for mixed diacylglycerols by means of GC/MS, which includes the detection of double bonds and methyl branch positions at the fatty acid alkyl chains. The molecular formulae of all the important fragments in the mass spectra of the nicotinoyl derivatives were confirmed by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Their structures and fragmentation pathways are proposed.
A pharmaceutical preparation has a ligand structure specifically recognizing a target site and an amphiphilic compound having a hydrophobic or amphiphilic group. The pharmaceutical preparation employs an amphiphilic compound of specific structure obtained by introducing a chained hydrophilic group with an appropriate flexibility, and thus becomes a fine particle suited for drug targeting.
The pharmaceutical preparation is expected to give a prolonged pharmacological effect. A particulate preparation exhibiting a remarkable site targeting property can be formed. Further, according to the selection of matrix forming material, the drug releasing property can be controlled.
opposite configuration at the diacyl glycerolmoiety, were also synthesized. The biological activities of the synthesized compounds were elucidated with cytokine inductions (IL-6 and TNF-α). A synthetic phosphoglycolipid with a natural-type diacyl glycerolconfiguration showed apparent immunostimulatory activity, whereas its diastereomer did not. The present study revealed that the configuration at the
The transesterification process is a well known reaction of organic chemistry. However, the monoesterification of unprotected polyols such as glycerol or sucrose is much more complex and the design of selective catalysts is becoming a huge challenge in order to avoid many protection and deprotection steps, harmful for the cost and the environmental impact of the resulting process. In this study, we showed that the control of the hydrophilicâlipophilic balance of heterogeneous catalysts is a crucial key in order to tune both the catalyst activity and the monoester selectivity. Indeed, whereas homogeneous guanidine led to low selectivity toward monoesters, its anchorage on a hydrophilic solid support such as silica allowed us to prepare two basic hybrid organicâinorganic materials able to selectively afford monoesters in high yield and in an environmentally-friendly process, at low temperature and starting from an equimolecular mixture of unprotected polyols and various fatty methyl esters.
Clear antiperspirants and deodorants made with siloxane-based polyamides
申请人:——
公开号:US20020051758A1
公开(公告)日:2002-05-02
Clear antiperspirant and/or deodorant compositions, especially clear sticks having good structural integrity, can be formed by incorporating at least 8% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of a selected siliconized polyamide into a product formulated with at least one silicone material and at least one non-silicone emollient. The siliconized polyamides have the silicone portion in the acid side of the polyamide and are selected so that: (a) the degree of polymerization in the silicone portion is in the range of 12-18; (b) the average molecular weight of the siliconized polyamide is at least 50,000 daltons with at least 95% of the polyamide having a molecular weight greater than 10,000 as measured by size exclusion chromatography; and (c) the polydispersity is less than 20.
COSMETIC EMULSION PREPARATION AND AGENT FOR EXTERNAL USE
申请人:The Nisshin OilliO, Ltd.
公开号:EP1380278A1
公开(公告)日:2004-01-14
An emulsion which has an average particle diameter of 100 nm or smaller and comprises: (D) a polyglycerol/fatty acid ester which has an HLB of 13 or higher and in which the polyglycerol is one in which the average degree of polymerization is 8 to 12, the total content of the pentamer and hexamer is 50% by weight or higher, and the total content of the tetramer and lower polymers is less than 20% by weight, and the fatty acid residue is C14-22 hydrocarbon group; (E) a polyglycerol/fatty acid ester which has an HLB of 5 to 11 and in which the polyglycerol is one in which the average degree of polymerization is 2 to 12, the total content of the tetramer and lower polymers is 20% by weight or higher, each of (2/3)n components being contained in an amount of at least 5% by weight or more, where n (n is 2 or more) is taken to be an average degree of polymerization (when (2/3)n is not a natural number, (2/3)n is considered to be a lowest natural number greater than (2/3)n), and the fatty acid residue is a C14-22 hydrocarbon group; (F) a lecithin; and (G) an oily ingredient.