In-Depth Study of Tripeptide-Based α-Ketoheterocycles as Inhibitors of Thrombin. Effective Utilization of the S<sub>1</sub>‘ Subsite and Its Implications to Structure-Based Drug Design
作者:Michael J. Costanzo、Harold R. Almond、Leonard R. Hecker、Mary R. Schott、Stephen C. Yabut、Han-Cheng Zhang、Patricia Andrade-Gordon、Thomas W. Corcoran、Edward C. Giardino、Jack A. Kauffman、Joan M. Lewis、Lawrence de Garavilla、Barbara J. Haertlein、Bruce E. Maryanoff
DOI:10.1021/jm0303857
日期:2005.3.1
structures of the ternary complexes 3-thrombin-hirugen and 4-thrombin-hirugen depict novel interactions in the S(1)' region, with the benzothiazole ring forming a hydrogen bond with His-57 and an aromatic stacking interaction with Trp-60D of thrombin's insertion loop. The benzothiazole ring of 3 displaces the Lys-60F side chain into a U-shaped gauche conformation, whereas the benzothiazole carboxylate
凝血酶抑制剂由于其抗凝和抗血栓形成作用而可能在医学上有用。我们基于d-Phe-Pro-Arg以及相关的凝血酶活性位点识别基序合成和评估了各种杂环活化的酮,作为候选抑制剂。基于肽的α-酮杂环通常通过亚氨酸酯或Weinreb酰胺途径制备(方案1和2),事实证明后者更为普遍。通常测定测试化合物对人α-凝血酶和牛胰蛋白酶的抑制作用。从基于结构的设计角度来看,杂环允许人们探索和调节凝血酶S1'亚位点内的相互作用。优选的α-酮杂环是富含pi的2取代的吡咯,在带有酮基的碳原子的附近至少有两个杂原子,优选的凝血酶抑制剂是2-酮基苯并噻唑3,其有效K(i)值为0.2 nM,约为1。选择性比胰蛋白酶高15倍。2-酮苯并噻唑13表现出极强的凝血酶抑制作用(K(i)= 0.000 65 nM;缓慢紧密结合)。几个α-酮杂环化合物的凝血酶K(i)值在0.1-400 nM范围内。在温和的碱性条件下,α-酮杂环的“ A