The invention relates to the use of quinoxaline derivatives as photostable UV filters in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations for protecting the human epidermis or human hair against UV radiation, especially in the 280-400 nm range.
Reducing disaccharides and their 1,2-dicarbonyl intermediates as building blocks for nitrogen heterocycles
作者:Andreas Brust、Eckehard Cuny
DOI:10.1039/c3ra47349j
日期:——
The existential importance of a sustainable economy necessitates the utilisation of plant based renewable resources such as lignin and carbohydrates. Carbohydrate utilization as industrial raw materials requires low environmental impact conversions from sugars to high value products. Here we present the conversion of reducing disaccharides into industrially relevant heterocycles of the quinoxaline-, 1,2,4-triazine-, pyrazine- and pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoxaline-type. Heterocycle formation was facilitated by chemical conversion of reducing sugars into 1,2-dicarbonyl intermediates and their subsequent cyclization with nitrogen bis-nucleophiles. A range of disaccharides was converted into quinoxalines carrying a diverse glycosylation pattern on the polyhydroxy alkyl side chain. All transformations were performed without the need of protecting group chemistry.