Insect control by insect growth regulators broadcast by volatilization
申请人:Wellmark International
公开号:US20010005511A1
公开(公告)日:2001-06-28
Insect control through the use of an insect growth regulators is achieved by volatilization of the active compound from a point source in a spatial region such as a room, to diffuse through the air in the region toward objects in the region such as a carpet or a piece of furniture. The ability of the insect growth regulator to retain its activity when applied in this manner, even after periods of time in excess of one month following volatilization, is surprising in view of pre-existing methods of application that involved application of the insect growth regulator directly to the surface or object of interest in liquid form.
Photoproducts and Metabolites of a Common Insect Growth Regulator Produce Developmental Deformities in <i>Xenopus</i>
作者:James J. La Clair、John A. Bantle、James Dumont
DOI:10.1021/es971024h
日期:1998.5.1
In the past decade, numerous sights across North America have been found which contain abnormal levels of deformed amphibians. This deformation was not limited to species, geography, or climate and spanned a wide range of phenotypes. This report begins to explain these findings by examining the effects of pesticide degradation in early amphibian development through directly exposing Xenopus laevis embryos to trace levels of synthetically prepared degradates. This method specifically determines the risk posed by each individual chemical resulting from the natural fate of the host pesticide. Through this approach, we find that while the common insect growth regulator, S-methoprene, poses minimal developmental determent, products of its reaction with sunlight, water, and microorganisms dramatically interfere with normal amphibian development. The addition of 1 mu L/L of several of S-methoprene's degradates to the environment of developing embryos resulted in juveniles with deformation similar to that found naturally. Current developmental assessments examine only the risk posed by host pesticides. This study now suggest that the simple examination of the these materials is not sufficient, but now forward the need for critically examining the temporal relation between both development and chemical degradation.