Anti-cancer characteristics and ototoxicity of platinum(II) amine complexes with only one leaving ligand
作者:Jerry D. Monroe、Heidi L. Hruska、Hannah K. Ruggles、Kevin M. Williams、Michael E. Smith
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0192505
日期:——
Unlike cisplatin, which forms bifunctional DNA adducts, monofunctional platinum(II) complexes bind only one strand of DNA and might target cancer without causing auditory side-effects associated with cisplatin treatment. We synthesized the monofunctional triamine-ligated platinum(II) complexes, Pt(diethylenetriamine)Cl, [Pt(dien)Cl]+, and Pt(N,N-diethyldiethylenetriamine)Cl, [Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+, and the monofunctional heterocyclic-ligated platinum(II) complexes, pyriplatin and phenanthriplatin, and compared their 5’-GMP binding rates, cellular compartmental distribution and cellular viability effects. A zebrafish inner ear model was used to determine if the monofunctional complexes and cisplatin caused hearing threshold shifts and reduced auditory hair cell density. The four monofunctional complexes had varied relative GMP binding rates, but similar cytosolic and nuclear compartmental uptake in three cancer cell lines (A549, Caco2, HTB16) and a control cell line (IMR90). Phenanthriplatin had the strongest effect against cellular viability, comparable to cisplatin, followed by [Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+, pyriplatin and [Pt(dien)Cl]+. Phenanthriplatin also produced the highest hearing threshold shifts followed by [Pt(dien)Cl]+, [Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+, cisplatin and pyriplatin. Hair cell counts taken from four regions of the zebrafish saccule showed that cisplatin significantly reduced hair cell density in three regions and phenanthriplatin in only one region, with the other complexes having no significant effect. Utricular hair cell density was not reduced by any of the compounds. Our results suggest that placing greater steric hindrance cis to one side of the platinum coordinating center in monofunctional complexes promotes efficient targeting of the nuclear compartment and guanosine residues, and may be responsible for reducing cancer cell viability. Also, the monofunctional compounds caused hearing threshold shifts with minimal effect on hair cell density, which suggests that they may affect different pathways than cisplatin.
与顺铂形成双功能 DNA 加合物不同,单功能铂(II)配合物只与 DNA 的一条链结合,可以靶向治疗癌症,而不会产生与顺铂治疗相关的听觉副作用。我们合成了单功能三胺配位铂(II)复合物 Pt(二乙烯三胺)Cl [Pt(dien)Cl]+ 和 Pt(N,N-二乙烯三胺)Cl [Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+,以及单功能杂环配位铂(II)复合物吡铂和菲铂,并比较了它们的 5'-GMP 结合率、细胞区室分布和细胞活力效应。研究人员利用斑马鱼内耳模型来确定单官能团复合物和顺铂是否会导致听阈发生变化和听毛细胞密度降低。在三种癌细胞系(A549、Caco2、HTB16)和一种对照细胞系(IMR90)中,四种单官能团复合物的相对 GMP 结合率各不相同,但细胞膜和细胞核区室吸收率相似。菲铂对细胞活力的影响最大,与顺铂相当,其次是[Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+、吡铂和[Pt(dien)Cl]+。菲铂产生的听阈偏移也最大,其次是[Pt(dien)Cl]+、[Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+、顺铂和吡铂。对斑马鱼囊腔四个区域的毛细胞计数显示,顺铂显著降低了三个区域的毛细胞密度,而菲铂仅降低了一个区域的毛细胞密度,其他复合物没有显著影响。任何化合物都不会降低胞室毛细胞密度。我们的研究结果表明,在单官能团复合物中,铂配位中心一侧的顺式立体阻碍更大,从而促进了核区和鸟苷残基的有效靶向,这可能是降低癌细胞活力的原因。此外,单官能团化合物会导致听阈发生变化,但对毛细胞密度的影响极小,这表明它们可能会影响与顺铂不同的途径。