2-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-indole | 116491-57-7

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 吲哚及其衍生物
• 英文名称: 2-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-indole
• 英文别名: 2-trimethylsilanyl-1H-indole；2-trimethylsilylindole；Trimethylsilyl indole；1H-indol-2-yl(trimethyl)silane
• CAS: 116491-57-7
• 化学式: C₁₁H₁₅NSi
• 分子量: 189.332
• InChiKey: ISPRGDKNJYQULU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.71
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.27
• 拓扑面积：
  15.8
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  0

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-indole 在 bis(pyridine)iodonium tetrafluoroborate 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 0.08h， 以99%的产率得到3-iodo-2-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-indole
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Efficient Reagents for the Synthesis of 5-, 7-, and 5,7-Substituted Indoles Starting from Aromatic Amines:  Scope and Limitations

  摘要：

  Upon reaction with IPy(2)BF(4), 4-substituted anilines give regioselectively the corresponding o-iodoanilines in nearly quantitative yield, in a process that can be carried out on a multigram scale. Palladium-catalyzed coupling of the resulting 2-iodoanilines with (trimethylsilyl)acetylene (TMSA), followed by efficient CuI-mediated nitrogen cyclization onto alkynes with concurrent elimination of the TMS substituent, allows a straightforward elaboration of 5-mono- and 5,7-disubstituted indoles from aromatic amines. This new approach to the aforementioned indoles does not requires protective groups on nitrogen at any step and can be adapted for preparing related 7-manosubstituted indoles. Moreover, examples iterating the process are given, allowing bis-annulation and sequential double annulation and resulting in synthesis of benzodipyrroles. Additionally, suitable conditions for iodination of some of the target indoles with IPy(2)BF(4) are discussed.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jo952119+
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  1-(甲氧基甲氧基)吲哚 在 palladium on activated charcoal 正丁基锂 、 氢气 作用下， 以 甲醇 为溶剂， 25.0 ℃ 、101.33 kPa 条件下， 反应 0.25h， 生成 2-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-indole
  参考文献：
  名称：

  A Regioselective Lithiation of 1-Methoxymethoxyindole at the 2-Position and Its Application for the Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indoles

  摘要：

  A regioselective lithiation of 1-methoxymethoxyindole at the 2-position was achieved with n-BuLi at 0-degrees-C. Subsequent treatment with electrophiles afforded 2-substituted 1-methoxymethoxyindoles, which were readily converted to 2-substituted indoles.

  DOI：

  10.3987/com-92-6066

文献信息

• Palladium catalyzed reaction of 2-alkynylanilines with allyl chlorides. Formation of 3-allylindoles
  作者：Koji Iritani、Seijiro Matsubara、Kiitiro Utimoto

  DOI：10.1016/s0040-4039(00)82047-x

  日期：1988.1

  Pd(II) catalyzed reaction of N-carbomethoxy-2-alkynylanilines with allyl chlorides produces 2-alkyl-3-allyl-N-carbomethoxyindoles in the presence of oxirances; Aminopalladation of a N-carbomethoxy-2-alkynylaniline gives 3-(N-carbomethoxyindolyl)palladium intermediate, which regioselectively attacks on the γ position of chlorides to give 3-allyl-2-alkylindoles with concurrent regeneration of Pd(II)

  在存在氧化剂的情况下，Pd（II）催化N-羰基甲氧基-2-炔基苯胺与烯丙基氯的反应生成2-烷基-3-烯丙基-N-羰基甲氧基吲哚；N-羰基甲氧基-2-炔基苯胺的氨基钯反应生成3-（N-羰基甲氧基吲哚基）钯中间体，该中间体选择性地攻击氯化物的γ位，得到3-烯丙基-2-烷基吲哚，同时再生Pd（II）催化剂。
• Directed <i>ortho</i> Metalation-Based Methodology. Halo-, Nitroso-, and Boro-Induced <i>ipso-</i>Desilylation. Link to an <i>in situ</i> Suzuki Reaction
  作者：Zhongdong Zhao、Victor Snieckus

  DOI：10.1021/ol0506563

  日期：2005.6.1

  [reaction: see text] Treatment of DoM-derived silylated aromatics 2-4 under standard electrophilic halogenation conditions cleanly affords ipso-desilyation products 5-7, while nitration of methoxy-substituted analogues 8, 9 leads to non-ipso isomers 10, 12 and 11, 13, controlled by a silicon steric effect. Sequential ipso-borodesilylation of 2a, 3a, and 20 followed by treatment with aryl halides under

  [反应：请参见文本]在标准的亲电子卤化条件下处理DoM衍生的甲硅烷基化芳族化合物2-4，可干净地获得ipso脱水产物5-7，而将甲氧基取代的类似物8、9硝化可生成非ipso异构体10、12和11、13受硅空间效应控制。2a，3a和20的顺序ipso-borodesilylation，然后在Pd催化条件下用芳基卤化物处理，构成了原位Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联方案，实现了联芳基和杂联芳基23。
• Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydocarbazoles and Exocyclic Pictet–Spengler-Type Reactions
  作者：Casper L. Hansen、Ragnhild G. Ohm、Lasse B. Olsen、Erhad Ascic、David Tanner、Thomas E. Nielsen

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02718

  日期：2016.12.2

  developed. The strategy relies on two types of 6-exo-trig cyclization of 3-substituted indole substrates. Enantioselective domino Friedel–Crafts-type reactions leading to THCAs can be catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid derivatives (with up to >99% ee), and the first examples of exocyclic Pictet–Spengler reactions to form THCAs are reported.

  已经开发了合成手性四氢咔唑（THCA）的合成策略。该策略依赖于3-取代的吲哚底物的两种类型的6 -exo-trig环化。手性磷酸衍生物（ee含量高达99％以上）可以催化导致THCA的对映选择性多米诺弗里德-克拉夫特型反应，并且报道了形成THCA的环外Pictet-Spengler反应的第一个实例。
• ZnBr2-mediated synthesis of indoles in a ball mill by intramolecular hydroamination of 2-alkynylanilines
  作者：Markus Zille、Achim Stolle、Andreas Wild、Ulrich S. Schubert

  DOI：10.1039/c4ra00715h

  日期：——

  A method for the intermolecular hydroamination of 2-alkynylanilines in a planetary ball mill is described, which avoids the use of solvents during the reaction. Different additives were tested, whereby ZnBr2 in stoichiometric amounts showed the best performance in terms of yield and selectivity. Furthermore, the materials used for milling balls and beakers as well as the milling time and the rotation frequency were changed in order to achieve the best reaction conditions. As a result, two methods for the synthesis of 2-substituted 1H-indoles are described with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Both methods were used to convert different alkyl and aryl containing 2-ethynylanilines.

  本文描述了一种在行星球磨机中进行2-炔基苯胺分子间氨化反应的方法，该方法避免了反应过程中溶剂的使用。通过测试不同的添加剂，结果表明当使用化学计量的ZnBr2时，产物收率和选择性最佳。此外，还改变了研磨球、研磨罐的材质以及研磨时间和旋转频率，以获得最佳的反应条件。因此，本文描述了两种合成2-取代1H-吲哚的方法，并分别讨论了它们的优缺点。两种路线都用于将不同含有烷基和芳基的2-乙炔基苯胺转化。
• Directed <i>o</i><i>rtho </i>Metalation Approach to C-7-Substituted Indoles. Suzuki−Miyaura Cross Coupling and the Synthesis of Pyrrolophenanthridone Alkaloids
  作者：Christian G. Hartung、Anja Fecher、Brian Chapell、Victor Snieckus

  DOI：10.1021/ol0344772

  日期：2003.5.1

  overall yields. In combination with the Suzuki-Miyaura protocol, C-7 aryl (heteroaryl)-substituted indoles 14 and 16 are obtained, including hippadine and pratosine, members of the pyrrolophenanthridone alkaloid family.

  [反应：见正文]尽管吲哚N-膦酰基衍生物4经过n-BuLi脱质子/亲电淬灭以提供C-7取代的产物，但其脱保护需要苛刻的条件。另一方面，N-酰胺12经连续或一锅C-2金属化，甲硅烷基化，C-7金属化和亲电处理后，以良好的总收率提供吲哚7。与Suzuki-Miyaura规程结合使用，可获得C-7芳基（杂芳基）取代的吲哚14和16，包括吡咯并菲蒽酮生物碱家族的成员Hippadine和pratosine。