1-[(E)-3-chloroprop-2-enyl]-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane;chloride

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 三嗪烷类
• 英文名称: 1-[(E)-3-chloroprop-2-enyl]-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane;chloride
• 化学式: C9H16Cl2N4
• 分子量: 251.15
• InChiKey: UKHVLWKBNNSRRR-TYYBGVCCSA-M

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.75
• 重原子数：
  15
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  4.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.78
• 拓扑面积：
  9.7
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

在口服给药后48小时内，实现了季铵-15的几乎完全吸收（剂量的84%-88%），而在同一时间内，通过涂抹稀释或浓缩溶液的皮肤吸收仅为1%至2%；未确定吸收率。季铵-15的放射性排泄是双峰的，最初快速（半衰期=1.3±0.1小时）然后缓慢（半衰期=22.7±2.0小时）。达到系统循环的季铵-15被广泛代谢。代谢的程度受到给药途径的影响，因为通过皮肤应用后，环衍生CO2的量仅发现最少有5%。唯一暂时确定的代谢物是甲酸（仅基于保留时间）。尽管在大鼠尿液中发现了其他几种代谢物，但尝试识别这些化合物的努力并未成功。

Almost complete absorption of Quaternium-15 (84%-88% of dose) was achieved in 48 hours after oral administration, whereas only 1% to 2% absorption occurred in that time after dermal application of dilute or concentrated solutions; absorption rates were not determined. Excretion of radioactivity from Quaternium-15 was bimodal, initially rapid (half-life = 1.3 + or - 0.1 hours) and then slow (half-life = 22.7 + or - 2.0 hours). Quaternium-15 that reached the systemic circulation was metabolized extensively. The extent of metabolism was influenced by the route of administration, because as little as 5% of ring-derived CO2 was found after dermal application. The only metabolite tentatively identified was formic acid (based solely on retention times). Although several other metabolites were found in the urine of rats, attempts to identify these compounds were unsuccessful.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

甲醛可能通过吸入、口服或皮肤接触而被吸收。它是所有细胞中的基本代谢中间体，在丝氨酸、甘氨酸、甲硫氨酸和胆碱的正常代谢过程中产生，也通过N-、S-和O-甲基化合物的脱甲基作用产生。外源性甲醛通过酶甲醛脱氢酶在初始接触点被代谢成甲酸。甲醛氧化成甲酸后，碳原子进一步氧化成二氧化碳，或者通过四氢叶酸依赖的一碳生物合成途径并入嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶和氨基酸中。甲醛不会在体内储存，而是通过尿液（主要作为甲酸）排出，或并入其他细胞分子中，或作为二氧化碳呼出。亚硝胺也可以通过摄入、吸入或皮肤接触进入人体。一旦进入体内，亚硝胺通过细胞色素P-450酶代谢，这实际上将它们激活为致癌物。（L962, A2878, A2879）

Formaldehyde may be absorbed following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure. It is an essential metabolic intermediate in all cells and is produced during the normal metabolism of serine, glycine, methionine, and choline and also by the demethylation of N-, S-, and O-methyl compounds. Exogenous formaldehyde is metabolized to formate by the enzyme formaldehyde dehydrogenase at the initial site of contact. After oxidation of formaldehyde to formate, the carbon atom is further oxidized to carbon dioxide or incorporated into purines, thymidine, and amino acids via tetrahydrofolatedependent one-carbon biosynthetic pathways. Formaldehyde is not stored in the body and is excreted in the urine (primarily as formic acid), incorporated into other cellular molecules, or exhaled as carbon dioxide. Nitrosamines can also enter the body via ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact. Once in the body, nitrosamines are metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, which essentially activates them into carcinogens. (L962, A2878, A2879)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

季铵盐-15是一种甲醛释放剂。当细胞内甲醛水平饱和了甲醛脱氢酶活性时，很可能会发生甲醛中毒，使得未代谢的完整分子发挥其作用。甲醛已知会在蛋白质和DNA之间形成交联，并代谢整合进入大分子（DNA、RNA和蛋白质）中。季铵盐-15也是一种亚硝化剂。亚硝化剂可能会分解和/或反应导致亚硝胺污染。亚硝胺是在亚硝酸盐离子存在时，由二级胺和酰胺产生的，被认为是致癌物质。一旦进入人体，亚硝胺会被细胞色素P-450酶激活。它们随后被认为通过在氮和氧原子上形成DNA加合物来诱导其致癌作用。（L962, L1889, L1890, A2878, A2879, A2880, L1897）

Quaternium-15 is a formaldehyde releaser. It is likely that formaldehyde toxicity occurs when intracellular levels saturate formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity, allowing the unmetabolized intact molecule to exert its effects. Formaldehyde is known to form cross links between protein and DNA and undergo metabolic incorporation into macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins). Quaternium-15 is also a nitrosating agent. Nitrosating agents may decompose and/or react to cause nitrosamine contamination. Nitrosamines are produced from secondary amines and amides in the presence of nitrite ions and are believed to be carcinogenic. Once in the body, nitrosamines are activated by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. They are then believed to induce their carcinogenic effects by forming DNA adducts at the N- and O-atoms. (L962, L1889, L1890, A2878, A2879, A2880, L1897)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类致癌（针对甲醛）。

1, carcinogenic to humans (for formaldehyde). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

季铵盐-15会释放甲醛，这是一种已知的人类致癌物。它还可能反应生成被认为具有致癌性的亚硝胺。季铵盐-15也是一种过敏原，能够引起易感个体的接触性皮炎。许多对季铵盐-15过敏的人也对甲醛过敏。它是导致手部过敏性接触性皮炎最常见的原因。

Quaternium-15 releases formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. It may also react to produce nitrosamines, which are believed to be carcinogenic. Quaternium-15 is also an allergen, and can cause contact dermatitis in susceptible individuals. Many of those with an allergy to quaternium-15 are also allergic to formaldehyde. It is the single most often found cause of allergic contact dermatitis of the hands. (L962, L1890, L1897)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L962）；吸入（L962）；皮肤给药（L962）

Oral (L962) ; inhalation (L962) ; dermal (L962)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

季铵盐-15可能会导致敏感人群接触性皮炎。

Quaternium-15 can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. (L1897)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

口服给药后48小时内实现了季铵盐-15（剂量84%-88%）的几乎完全吸收，而在相同时间内，稀释或浓缩溶液的皮肤应用仅发生了1%至2%的吸收；未确定吸收率。

Almost complete absorption of Quaternium-15 (84%-88% of dose) was achieved in 48 hours after oral administration, whereas only 1% to 2% absorption occurred in that time after dermal application of dilute or concentrated solutions; absorption rates were not determined.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  1-[(E)-3-chloroprop-2-enyl]-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane;chloride 、 氯咪巴唑 、 1,3-二羟甲基-5,5-二甲基海因 、 苯甲醇 、 吡罗克酮 、 C.I.酸性橙108 、 溴菌腈 、 6,6-Dibromo-4,4-dichloro-2,2'-methylenediphenol 生成 乌洛托品
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Glucan Compositions

  摘要：

  提供一种化妆品或药物组合物，其中包括：a）占总组合物重量的0.001至少于0.2％，具有平均分子量为1×106至12×106的硬木糖聚糖；b）化妆品或药用可接受载体；以及可选的c）乳酸，乳酸盐和/或戊二醇。该组合物具有优越的效果，例如保湿皮肤或黏膜，并对皮肤具有抗衰老和活化作用。当与特定的杀菌剂结合使用时，通常含有葡聚糖类的天然多糖，特别是硬木糖聚糖作为a）组分的组合物非常适合减少黏膜或口腔环境中的细菌数量并最小化附着，同时在黏膜或牙龈上保持愉悦感。因此，可以有效地预防或去除牙菌斑。

  公开号：

  US20090156563A1
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  乌洛托品 生成 1-[(E)-3-chloroprop-2-enyl]-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane;chloride
  参考文献：
  名称：

  ANDRESON, B. A.;OGARKOVA, EH. I.;XAZIPOV, R. X.;ABDRASHITOV, YA. M.

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• [EN] SYNTHETIC OLIGOGLUCOSAMINES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF PLANT GROWTH AND YIELD<br/>[FR] OLIGOGLUCOSAMINES SYNTHÉTIQUES POUR L'AMÉLIORATION DE LA CROISSANCE ET DU RENDEMENT DE VÉGÉTAUX
  申请人：DU PONT

  公开号：WO2015130893A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-09-03

  The disclosure provides formulations comprising synthetic oligoglucosamines and methods for improving plant growth and crop yield therewith. These formulations may be applied to propagating materials, including seeds and other regenerable plant parts, including cuttings, bulbs, rhizomes and tubers. They may also be applied to foliage, or soil either prior to or following planting of propagating materials. Such applications may be made alone or in combination with fungicides, insecticides, nematicides and other agricultural agents used to improve plant growth and crop yield.

  该披露提供了包含合成寡聚葡聚糖胺的配方，以及利用这些配方改善植物生长和作物产量的方法。这些配方可以应用于繁殖材料，包括种子和其他可再生植物部分，如插条、球茎、根茎和块茎。它们也可以应用于叶片或土壤，无论是在种植繁殖材料之前还是之后。这些应用可以单独进行，也可以与杀菌剂、杀虫剂、线虫杀灭剂和其他用于改善植物生长和作物产量的农业药剂结合使用。
• [EN] CATIONIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS ANTIMYCOTIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS CATIONIQUES ET LEUR UTILISATION COMME AGENTS ANTIMYCOTIQUES ET ANTIMICROBIENS
  申请人：CHIROBLOCK GMBH

  公开号：WO2017032509A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-03-02

  The invention relates to cationic compounds and their use as antimicrobial and antimycotic agents, in particular as disinfectants and preservatives in ophthalmic preparations.

  这项发明涉及阳离子化合物及其作为抗菌和抗真菌剂的用途，特别是作为眼科制剂中的消毒剂和防腐剂。
• [EN] IMPROVED CORROSION AND MICROBIAL CONTROL IN HYDROCARBONACEOUS COMPOSITIONS<br/>[FR] LUTTE AMÉLIORÉE CONTRE LA CORROSION ET CONTRE LES MICROBES DANS DES COMPOSITIONS HYDROCARBONÉES
  申请人：ANGUS CHEMICAL

  公开号：WO2009140062A1

  公开（公告）日：2009-11-19

  Provided are additives of formula I for use in hydrocarbonaceous compositions, such as petroleum or liquid fuels: (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are as defined herein. The additives improve the corrosion resistance of the compositions. The additives also enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of any added biocides contained in such compositions.

  提供了用于石油或液体燃料等碳氢化合物组合物中的化学添加剂的化学式I：（I）其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5如本文所定义。这些添加剂提高了组合物的耐腐蚀性能。这些添加剂还增强了这些组合物中任何添加的生物杀菌剂的抗菌效果。
• BITTER TASTE MODIFIERS INCLUDING SUBSTITUTED 1-BENZYL-3-(1-(ISOXAZOL-4-YLMETHYL)-1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)IMIDAZOLIDINE-2,4-DIONES AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF
  申请人：SENOMYX, INC.

  公开号：US20160376263A1

  公开（公告）日：2016-12-29

  The present invention includes compounds and compositions known to modify the perception of bitter taste, and combinations of said compositions and compounds with additional compositions, compounds, and products. Exemplary compositions comprise one or more of the following: cooling agents; inactive drug ingredients; active pharmaceutical ingredients; food additives or foodstuffs; flavorants, or flavor enhancers; food or beverage products; bitter compounds; sweeteners; bitterants; sour flavorants; salty flavorants; umami flavorants; plant or animal products; compounds known to be used in pet care products; compounds known to be used in personal care products; compounds known to be used in home products; pharmaceutical preparations; topical preparations; cannabis-derived or cannabis-related products; compounds known to be used in oral care products; beverages; scents, perfumes, or odorants; compounds known to be used in consumer products; silicone compounds; abrasives; surfactants; warming agents; smoking articles; fats, oils, or emulsions; and/or probiotic bacteria or supplements.

  本发明涵盖已知用于改变苦味感知的化合物和组合物，以及所述组合物和化合物与额外的组合物、化合物和产品的组合。示例组合物包括以下一种或多种：冷却剂；无活性药物成分；活性药用成分；食品添加剂或食品；调味剂或调味增强剂；食品或饮料产品；苦味化合物；甜味剂；苦味剂；酸味调味剂；咸味调味剂；鲜味调味剂；植物或动物产品；已知用于宠物护理产品中的化合物；已知用于个人护理产品中的化合物；已知用于家用产品中的化合物；制药制剂；局部制剂；大麻衍生或与大麻相关的产品；已知用于口腔护理产品中的化合物；饮料；香味、香水或除臭剂；已知用于消费品中的化合物；硅化合物；磨料；表面活性剂；发热剂；吸烟物品；脂肪、油脂或乳化剂；和/或益生菌或补充剂。
• [EN] GEMINI SURFACTANTS AND METHODS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND USE<br/>[FR] TENSIOACTIFS JUMELÉS ET LEURS PROCÉDÉS DE PRÉPARATION ET D'UTILISATION
  申请人：EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEV LLC

  公开号：WO2015084299A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-06-11

  Disclosed herein are gemini surfactants, and methods for making and using these gemini surfactants. These gemini surfactants may be incorporated in paints and coatings to provide hydrophilic and/or self-cleaning properties. Coatings and paints are routinely used to beautify and protect substrates. The most simple coatings and paints are made of a polymer (the binder) in a solvent (the vehicle), which is commonly called a lacquer. Paints and coatings modify the appearance of an object by adding color, gloss, or texture, and by blending with or differentiating from a surrounding environment.

  本文披露了双子表面活性剂，以及制备和使用这些双子表面活性剂的方法。这些双子表面活性剂可以被用于涂料和涂层中，以提供亲水性和/或自洁性能。涂料和油漆通常用于美化和保护基材。最简单的涂料和油漆由聚合物（粘合剂）和溶剂（载体）组成，通常被称为清漆。油漆和涂料通过添加颜色、光泽或质地，以及与周围环境融合或区分，改变物体的外观。