methoprene | 40596-69-8

• 物质功能分类: 化学农药原药 - 杀虫剂 - 有机氯杀虫剂
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 异戊烯醇脂质
• 英文名称: methoprene
• 英文别名: Methopren；propan-2-yl (2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate
• CAS: 40596-69-8
• 化学式: C₁₉H₃₄O₃
• 分子量: 310.477
• InChiKey: NFGXHKASABOEEW-LDRANXPESA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  <25℃
• 沸点：
  bp0.06 135-136°
• 密度：
  0.9261 g/cm3 (20℃)
• 溶解度：
  氯仿（微溶）、甲醇（微溶）
• 颜色/状态：
  Clear amber liquid
• 气味：
  Faint fruity odor
• 闪点：
  Flash point is 187 °C (Open cup)
• 蒸汽压力：
  2.36X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C
• 稳定性/保质期：
  Stable under recommended storage conditions.
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
• 腐蚀性：
  Very slightly corrosive to some metals.
• 保留指数：
  2097;2097

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  5.5
• 重原子数：
  22
• 可旋转键数：
  11
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.74
• 拓扑面积：
  35.5
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

大约4毫克（14）C-甲氧普烯通过口服给药给结肠造口术的鸡。（14）C02是检测到的主要（14）C代谢产物。当给予大剂量时，尿液中的消除最多，且在鸡蛋以及检查的所有组织和器官中也发现了（14）C。除了天然的（14）C胆固醇和（14）C脂肪酸甘油三酯外，还有与甘油和/或胆固醇结合的代谢物。尿液……和……粪便含有化合物……，每个都经历了相当大的异构化。大约19%的（14）C出现在鸡蛋中。其中大部分与鸡蛋蛋白相关。蛋黄中也含有放射性标记的脂肪酸甘油酯和胆固醇。血液中含有放射性标记的胆固醇和胆甾醇酯的痕迹。组织残留物与在鸡蛋中发现的相似。

About 4 mg (14)C methoprene was administered orally to colostomized chickens. (14)C02 was the main (14)C product detected. When large doses were given, elimination was greatest in urine and (14)C was also found in the eggs and all tissues and organs examined ... . In addition to natural (14)C cholesterol and (14)C fatty acid triglycerides, there were metabolites conjugated to glycerol and/or cholesterol. Urine ... and ... feces contained compounds ... and each had undergone considerable isomerization. About 19% of the (14)C appeared in the eggs. Most of this was associated with egg proteins. The egg yolks also had radiolabeled fatty acid glycerides and cholesterol. Blood contained radiolabeled cholesterol and traces of cholesteryl esters. Tissue residues were similar to those found in eggs.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

一头赫里福德牛只接受了一次口服剂量的5-(14)C-甲氧普烯，两周后牺牲。在脂肪、肌肉、肝脏、肺、血液和胆汁中没有观察到初级代谢物。然而，大部分组织的放射性以(14)C胆固醇的形式存在。胆汁中约72%的活性出现在胆固醇、胆酸和脱氧胆酸中。蛋白质和脂肪酸的胆固醇酯也含有一些放射性。

A Hereford steer received a single oral dose of 5-(14)C-methoprene and sacrificed 2 weeks later. No primary metabolites were observed in fat, muscle, liver, lung, blood and bile. However, the majority of the tissue radioactivity was present as (14)C cholesterol. About 72% of the activity in bile appeared in cholesterol, cholic acid, and deoxycholic acid. Protein and cholesteryl esters of fatty acids also contained some radioactivity.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

当给哺乳期的奶牛施用5-(14)C-甲氧普烯时，产生了随机标记的醋酸盐。这些醋酸盐被整合到乳脂中，乳脂随后被降解为饱和脂肪酸以及单不饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸。还观察到了标记的乳糖、乳白蛋白、酪蛋白以及游离和酯化胆固醇。类似的定性结果也在口服甲氧普烯的豚鼠尿液中观察到。但是，定量上存在差异。

When administered to a lactating cow, 5-(14)C-methoprene gave rise to randomly labeled acetate. This was incorporated into milk fat which was degraded to saturated and mono and di- enoic fatty acids. Labeled lactose, lactalbumin, casein, and free and esterified cholesterol was also observed ... . Similar qualitative results were observed in urine of a guinea pig orally dosed with methoprene. Quantitative differences were observed.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

家蝇微粒体酶的研究显示，存在的Beta-酯酶并没有显著的水解甲氧芬，而其他类似物却被代谢了。抵抗性蝇株对保幼激素类似物的微粒体氧化酶活性更高。... 甲氧芬类似物的支链酯在家蝇微粒体酯酶的水解中没有显示出显著的差异。甲氧芬在0.1微克/蛹的浓度下有效，而其他物质在10微克/蛹的浓度下无效。

Studies with housefly microsomal enzymes showed that the Beta-esterases present did not appreciably hydrolyze methoprene whereas other analogs were metabolized. Microsomal oxidase activity against juvenile hormone analogs was greater in resistant fly strains. ... Branched chain esters of methoprene analogs did not show significant difference in hydrolysis by housefly microsomal esterases. Methoprene was effective at 0.1 ug/pupa while others were ineffective at 10 ug/pupa.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

识别和使用：甲氧普烯是一种无色至琥珀色的液体。它用于控制公共卫生、储存的商品（包括烟草）、食品处理、加工和储存场所、动物以及植物（包括温室植物）中的许多害虫。具体用途包括控制蚊幼虫；蘑菇房中的果蝇；储存烟草中的烟草甲虫和烟草蛾；法老蚁；温室菊花上的叶miner；食品和烟草加工厂及仓库中的储藏品害虫。人类暴露和毒性：无数据可用。动物研究：对兔子的皮肤和眼睛无刺激作用。在两年的喂养试验中，大鼠每天饮食中摄入5000毫克/千克，小鼠每天饮食中摄入2500毫克/千克，未出现不良影响。在大鼠每天摄入1000毫克/千克和兔子每天摄入500毫克/千克的剂量下，未发现致畸作用。在大鼠每天摄入2000毫克/千克的剂量下，未发现致突变作用。在大鼠每天饮食中摄入2500毫克/千克的剂量下，三代繁殖研究中未发现生殖不良影响。在0.2 ppm的浓度下应用甲氧普烯，对食蚊鱼或金鱼的行动活动没有显著影响。这个应用率是建议速率的十倍。甲氧普烯-膜相互作用和细胞生物能量学的干扰可能是这种化合物对非靶生物毒性的机制。甲氧普烯在果蝇翅膀斑点测试中诱导了微弱的致突变效应。生态毒性研究：非洲爪蟾胚胎（第8阶段）暴露于测试化学物质96小时。在静态更新（24小时）条件下进行试验，并在更新期开始和结束时测量水中的化学浓度。在浓度高达2毫克/升的情况下，甲氧普烯暴露并未导致发育毒性。应用增效普烯提高了4天大的雄性蜜蜂大脑中多巴胺的水平。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Methoprene is a clear amber liquid. It is used for control of many insect pests in public health, stored commodities (including tobacco), food handling, processing and storage establishments, on animals, and on plants (including glasshouse plants). Particular uses include control of mosquito larvae; sciarid flies in mushroom houses; cigarette beetles and tobacco moths in stored tobacco; Pharaoh's ants; leaf miners on glasshouse chrysanthemums; stored product pests in food and tobacco processing plants and warehouses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Non-irritating to skin and eyes (rabbits). In 2 year feeding trials, rats receiving 5000 mg/kg diet and mice receiving 2500 mg/kg diet showed no ill-effects. No teratogenic effects on rats at 1000 mg/kg and on rabbits at 500 mg/kg. No mutagenic effects on rats at 2000 mg/kg. No reproductive adverse effects in 3-generation reproduction studies on rats at 2500 mg/kg diet. Methoprene applied at a concentration of 0.2 ppm did not significantly affect the locomotor activities of mosquitofish or goldfish. This application rate is ten times the suggested rates. Methoprene-membrane interaction and perturbation of cell bioenergetics may underlie the mechanism of toxicity of this compound in non-target organisms. Methoprene induces a weak mutagenic effect in the Drosophila wing spot test. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Xenopus laevis embryos (stage 8) were exposed to the test chemicals for 96 hr. Assays were conducted under static renewal (24 hr) conditions and chemical concentrations in water were measured at the beginning and end of the renewal periods. Methoprene exposure did not result in developmental toxicity at concentrations up to 2 mg/L. Applications of amethoprene enhanced the levels of dopamine in the brains of 4-day-old male honey bees.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性数据

LC50 (大鼠) > 210,000 mg/m³

LC50 (rat) > 210,000 mg/m3

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 相互作用

来自自然和人为来源的多个压力源对敏感甲壳类动物的生长和发育过程构成风险。在浅海水域附近应用合成拟除虫菊酯和昆虫生长调节剂可能会导致有害的混合效应，这取决于盐度制度。本研究采用中心复合旋转设计和多因素回归方法，评估了马拉硫磷（0.01-2微克/升）、甲氧普林（0.03-10微克/升）和盐度（10-40ppt）暴露对雄性和雌性招潮蟹（Uca pugnax）附肢再生和蜕皮过程的非叠加效应。螃蟹在单一附肢自切后，接受了16种不同混合处理的其中一种的蜕皮挑战。在暴露期间（21-66天），监测了个体附肢生长、主要蜕皮阶段持续时间、异常附肢再生和呼吸。在蜕皮后6天，评估了体重、甲壳宽度和小龙虾身体状况因子的变化。收集背甲组织，并提取蛋白质和几丁质，以确定新合成外骨骼的组成。目前的结果表明，长期低剂量暴露于多种杀虫剂压力源会对招潮蟹的生长过程产生小于叠加的效应。随着甲氧普林和马拉硫磷浓度的增加，雄性在外骨骼中具有更多的蛋白质，而在体重、甲壳宽度和身体状况方面的增益小于雌性。雌性对甲氧普林和马拉硫磷的反应是在甲壳宽度上的增益小于对照组。雌性在蜕皮的所有阶段都显示出较高的呼吸率，表明具有较高的代谢率。长期内性别之间的生长和适应性差异可能会影响甲壳类动物种群的恢复力。

Exposure to multiple stressors from natural and anthropogenic sources poses risk to sensitive crustacean growth and developmental processes. Applications of synthetic pyrethroids and insect growth regulators near shallow coastal waters may result in harmful mixture effects depending on the salinity regime. The potential for nonadditive effects of a permethrin (0.01-2 ug/L), methoprene (0.03-10 ug/L ), and salinity (10-40 ppt) exposure on male and female Uca pugnax limb regeneration and molting processes was evaluated by employing a central composite rotatable design with multifactorial regression. Crabs underwent single-limb autotomy followed by a molting challenge under 1 of 16 different mixture treatments. During the exposure (21-66 d), individual limb growth, major molt stage duration, abnormal limb regeneration, and respiration were monitored. At 6 d postmolt, changes in body mass, carapace width, and body condition factor were evaluated. Dorsal carapace tissue was collected, and protein and chitin were extracted to determine the composition of newly synthesized exoskeleton. The present results suggest chronic, low-dose exposures to multiple pesticide stressors cause less-than-additive effects on U. pugnax growth processes. Under increasing concentrations of methoprene and permethrin, males had more protein in their exoskeletons and less gain in body mass, carapace width, and body condition compared to females. Females exhibited less gain in carapace width than controls in response to methoprene and permethrin. Females also displayed elevated respiration rates at all stages of molt, suggesting a high metabolic rate. Divergent growth and fitness between the sexes over the long term could influence crustacean population resilience.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

用肥皂和水清洗受污染的皮肤。通过用大量清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟来处理眼睛的暴露。在冲洗之前，如果有的话，移除隐形眼镜。如果冲洗后仍有刺激感，将患者送往医疗机构以获得进一步的医疗关注。

Wash contaminated skin with soap and water. Treat eye exposures by irrigating exposed eyes with copious amounts of clean water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, prior to irrigation. If irritation persists after irrigation, send patient to a healthcare facility for further medical attention.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

如果摄入了大量的甲氧普烯，考虑进行胃肠道去污处理...

If a very large amount of methoprene has been ingested, consider GI decontamination ... .

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

当口服给予大鼠(14)C-甲氧普烯时，在5天内尿液中排出了略低于20%，粪便中排出相似量，几乎40%以(14)C02形式排出。大约17%留在体内。最高浓度分布在肝脏（84.5 ppm）、肾脏（29 ppm）、肺（26 ppm）、脂肪（36.5 ppm）和肾上腺皮质（12-13 ppm）。尿液中检测到约12种标记化合物，但没有观察到未改变的甲氧普烯。

When (14)C methoprene was administered orally to rats, slightly less than 20% was excreted within 5 days in the urine and a similar amount in feces and almost 40% was excreted as (14)C02. About 17% was retained in the body. Highest concentrations were in liver (84.5 ppm), kidneys (29 ppm), lungs (26 ppm), fat (36.5 ppm), and the adrenal cortex (12-13 ppm). About 12 labeled compounds were detected in the urine but no unchanged methoprene was observed.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

以methoprene (14)C（异丙基(2E,4E)-11-甲氧基-3,7,11-三甲基-2,4-十二碳二酸酯5 (14)C）形式给予鸡的(14)C的分布和消除进行了研究。当一次性口服约4毫克的methoprene给结肠造口术后的鸡时，(14)C的消除主要通过呼出的空气；然而，当给予105或107毫克的methoprene时，(14)C的消除主要通过尿液。在一个剂量中，多达19%的(14)C在14天内通过产蛋鸡的鸡蛋被消除，并且在检查的所有组织和器官中都检测到了(14)C。

Distribution and elimination of (14)C given to chickens as methoprene (14)C (isopropyl (2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienate 5 (14)C were investigated. When about 4 mg of methoprene was given in a single oral dose to colostomized chickens, elimination of (14)C was greatest in exhaled air; however, when 105 or 107 mg of methoprene was given, elimination of (14)C was greatest in urine. Up to 19% of the (14)C from a single dose of methoprene was eliminated over a 14 day period in the eggs of laying hens, and (14)C was detected in all tissues and organs examined.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

当研究甲氧芬（异丙基(2E,4E)-11-甲氧基-3,7,11-三甲基-2,4-十二碳二烯酸酯）在豚鼠、公牛和母牛体内的代谢命运时，发现相当大比例的放射性标记物被动物的组织吸收并随呼吸排出。在尿液和粪便中，少量放射性标记物被代谢成自由初级代谢物，更多的标记物被转化为简单的葡萄糖苷酸，而大量的放射性标记物发现在极性化合物中，可能是复杂的结合物或极性生物化学物质。尿液中没有发现甲氧芬，但粪便中大约40%的放射性标记物是由未代谢的甲氧芬贡献的。与豚鼠相比，公牛体内结合物的形成和甲氧芬的代谢更为广泛。

When the metabolic fate of methoprene (isopropyl (2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl- 2,4-dodecadienoate) was studied in a guinea pig, a steer, and a cow, a rather large percentage of the radiolabel was incorporated in the tissues and respired by the animals. In the urine and feces, a small amount of radiolabel was metabolized into free primary metabolites, somewhat more was incorporated into simple glucuronides, and a considerable quantity of radiolabel was found in polar compounds, possibly complex conjugates or polar biochemicals. No methoprene was found in the urine, but approximately 40% of the radiolabel in feces was contributed by unmetabolized methoprene. The formation of conjugates and the metabolism of methoprene was more extensive in the steer than in the guinea pig.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

对莱航鸡单次口服给予(5-14C)甲氧虫啶（异丙基（2E,4E）-11-甲氧基-3,7,11-三甲基-2,4-十二碳二烯酸酯）处理后，在组织和鸡蛋中发现了残留放射性。彻底检查了不同剂量（0.6至77毫克/千克）下组织（肌肉、脂肪、肝脏）、鸡蛋和排泄物中残留放射性标记的化学性质。尽管初始高剂量（59毫克/千克）导致肌肉（0.01 ppm）、脂肪（2.13 ppm）和蛋黄（8.03 ppm）中存在甲氧虫啶残留，但这些甲氧虫啶残留仅分别占脂肪和蛋黄中总(14)C标记的39%和2%。在组织和鸡蛋中，甲氧虫啶广泛降解产生的放射性标记天然产物是最重要的(14)C残留，特别是在较低剂量0.6毫克/千克时，(14)C胆固醇和正常(14)C脂肪酸（作为三酰甘油）在蛋黄中占总放射性标记的8%和71%。在脂质储存库中观察到了甲氧虫啶的新颖次要代谢物，这是由于二烯酸体系的饱和所致。这些次要代谢物与甘油和/或胆固醇结合。在胆汁、肝脏、皮肤、胎儿和乳腺中发现了放射性。在所有物种中，粪便中大约40%的放射性是由于未改变的甲氧虫啶。尿液中未发现甲氧虫啶。

Treatment of Leghorn chickens with a single oral dose of (5-14C)methoprene (isopropyl (2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate) resulted in residual radioactivity in tissues and eggs. The chemical nature of the residual radiolabel in tissue (muscle, fat, liver), eggs, and excrement was thoroughly examined at several doses (0.6 to 77 mg/kg). Although a high initial dose (59 mg/kg) resulted in methoprene residues in muscle (0.01 ppm), fat (2.13 ppm), and egg yolk (8.03 ppm), these residues of methoprene represented only 39 and 2% of the total (14)C label in fat and egg yolk, respectively. Radiolabeled natural products from extensive degradation of methoprene were by far the most important 14C residues in tissues and eggs, particularly at the lower dose of 0.6 mg/kg where (14)C cholesterol and normal (14)C fatty acids (as triglyceride) contributed 8 and 71% of the total radiolabel in egg yolk. Novel minor metabolites of methoprene were observed in lipid depots, resulting from saturation of the dienoate system. These minor metabolites were conjugated to glycerol and/or cholesterol. radioactivity were found in the bile, liver, skin, fetus, and udder. In all species, approximately 40 percent of the radioactivity in the feces was due to unchanged methoprene. No methoprene was found in the urine.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险品标志：
  Xi,N
• 安全说明：
  S26,S36,S60,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R36/37/38
• WGK Germany：
  2
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN3082 9/PG 3
• 海关编码：
  2918990090

制备方法与用途

作用机制

烯虫酯是一种保幼激素类似物，能够抑制昆虫成熟过程。它主要用于卵或幼虫阶段，通过干扰其蜕皮过程，使其无法正常变为成虫。作为一种人工合成的化合物，它可以作为烟叶保护剂使用，干扰烟草甲虫和烟草粉螟的生长发育，使成虫失去繁殖能力，从而有效控制储存烟叶害虫种群的增长。

昆虫保幼激素

烯虫酯是由瑞士诺华有限公司研发的一种昆虫保幼激素类生物化学杀虫剂。保幼激素主要作用是抑制未成龄的幼虫变态，保持昆虫幼年期特征，使其蜕皮后仍然维持在幼虫状态。作为烟叶保护剂，烯虫酯可以干扰烟草甲虫和烟草粉螟的生长发育过程，使成虫失去繁殖能力，从而有效控制储存烟叶害虫种群的增长。

毒性

原药大鼠急性经口LD50大于34,600 mg/kg体重。制剂对眼睛有刺激作用，属于低毒农药。

应用

昆虫保幼激素不能直接杀死昆虫，只能通过干扰其变态过程或使卵不孵化减少子代种群数量来发挥作用，因此作用较为缓慢，不适合迅速控制暴发性害虫的危害。目前主要应用于以下几方面：

• 防治卫生害虫：烯虫酯对德国小蠊活性高，能使雌雄成虫都不育，长期使用可使其因不育而绝迹；此外，其缓释剂也可用于防治跳蚤、蚊子和苍蝇。
• 防治半翅目害虫：如温室蚜虫和粉虱等。
• 防治贮藏害虫：对谷物、面粉、烟草等储藏期间的鳞翅目害虫活性高，如美国试用烯虫酯、双氧威等。
• 防治蚁类：通过饵剂使害幼虫不能正常变态，导致蚁王不育；也有防治白蚁的报道。
• 增产蚕丝：将保幼激素或拟保幼激素喷于蚕座或5龄蚕体上可延长5龄幼虫期，增加食量和个体大小，吐丝增多。

昆虫保幼激素与其他杀虫剂作用机理不同，能防治对其他杀虫剂产生抗药性的害虫。但应注意保幼激素抗药性的发展。

使用方法

贮存烟叶时防治烟草甲虫的方法是使用41%可溶性粉剂40,000倍液直接喷在烟叶上；为确保喷雾均匀并完全覆盖烟叶，可以使用定量稀释或专用多向超低量喷雾器械。昆虫的不同生长发育阶段对保幼激素的敏感性不一样，其中末龄幼虫或若虫最敏感。烯虫酯处理过的蚊、蝇末龄幼虫通常会正常化蛹但不能正常羽化，或者死亡；也可能羽化后翅不全，不能飞翔。

合成方法

烯虫酯由丙酮、香茅醛和溴乙酸异丙酯为原料，经Reformatskii反应和苯硫酚催化的双键顺反异构化反应得到。

注意事项

• 本剂具有极强的可燃性，严禁未经稀释直接使用，并远离火源和高热物体表面保持密封。
• 使用时需谨慎喷雾，注意对眼睛有刺激作用。

参考资料

1. 王运兵, 吕印谱 主编. 无公害农药实用手册. 郑州：河南科学技术出版社, 2004.
2. 中国农业百科全书总编辑委员会（农药卷编辑委员会、中国农业百科全书编辑部 编）.

用途

无公害新型农药，用于防治烟草仓储害虫粉螟和甲虫等。

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  isopropyl 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate 在 3-(2-羟基乙基)溴噻唑 吡啶 、 2,4,6-三甲基吡啶 、 manganese(IV) oxide 、 sodium tetrahydroborate 、 18-冠醚-6 、 potassium tert-butylate 、 三溴化磷 、 1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯 、 三乙胺 、 lithium bromide 、 zinc dibromide 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 1,4-二氧六环 、 异丙醇 、 苯 为溶剂， 反应 56.5h， 生成 methoprene
  参考文献：
  名称：

  新的少年激素类似物含环丙烷环的链烯酸衍生物的合成

  摘要：

  描述了一种用于制备新型幼虫的合成方法[2]。

  DOI：

  10.1016/s0040-4039(00)99009-9

文献信息

• [EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
  申请人：GILEAD APOLLO LLC

  公开号：WO2017075056A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-05-04

  The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

  本发明提供了化合物I和II，这些化合物可用作乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）的抑制剂，以及它们的组合物和使用方法。
• [EN] 3,5-DIAMINO-6-CHLORO-N-(N-(4-PHENYLBUTYL)CARBAMIMIDOYL) PYRAZINE-2- CARBOXAMIDE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS 3,5-DIAMINO -6-CHLORO-N-(N- (4-PHÉNYLBUTYL)CARBAMIMIDOYL) PYRAZINE-2-CARBOXAMIDE
  申请人：PARION SCIENCES INC

  公开号：WO2014099673A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-06-26

  The present invention relates compounds of the formula: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, useful as sodium channel blockers, as well as compositions containing the same, processes for the preparation of the same, and therapeutic methods of use therefore in promoting hydration of mucosal surfaces and the treatment of diseases including cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, acute and chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and pneumonia.

  本发明涉及以下化合物的公式：或其药学上可接受的盐，用作钠通道阻滞剂，以及含有这些化合物的组合物，制备这些化合物的方法，以及在促进粘膜表面水合和治疗包括囊性纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、支气管扩张、急性和慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和肺炎等疾病的治疗方法。
• CHLORO-PYRAZINE CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES WITH EPITHELIAL SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING ACTIVITY
  申请人：Parion Sciences, Inc.

  公开号：US20140171447A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-06-19

  This invention provides compounds of the formula I: and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, useful as sodium channel blockers, compositions containing the same, therapeutic methods and uses for the same and processes for preparing the same.

  这项发明提供了式I的化合物及其药用盐，可用作钠通道阻滞剂，包含这些化合物的组合物，以及用于这些化合物的治疗方法和用途，以及制备这些化合物的方法。
• [EN] BICYCLYL-SUBSTITUTED ISOTHIAZOLINE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ISOTHIAZOLINE SUBSTITUÉS PAR UN BICYCLYLE
  申请人：BASF SE

  公开号：WO2014206910A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-12-31

  The present invention relates to bicyclyl-substituted isothiazoline compounds of formula (I) wherein the variables are as defined in the claims and description. The compounds are useful for combating or controlling invertebrate pests, in particular arthropod pests and nematodes. The invention also relates to a method for controlling invertebrate pests by using these compounds and to plant propagation material and to an agricultural and a veterinary composition comprising said compounds.

  本发明涉及公式（I）中变量如索权和说明中所定义的自行车基取代异噻唑啉化合物。这些化合物对抗或控制无脊椎动物害虫，特别是节肢动物害虫和线虫方面具有用途。该发明还涉及一种通过使用这些化合物来控制无脊椎动物害虫的方法，以及包含所述化合物的植物繁殖材料、农业和兽医组合物。
• [EN] AZOLINE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS AZOLINE
  申请人：BASF SE

  公开号：WO2015128358A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-09-03

  The present invention relates to azoline compounds of formula (I) wherein A, B1, B2, B3, G1, G2, X1, R1, R3a, R3b, Rg1 and Rg2 are as defined in the claims and the description. The compounds are useful for combating or controlling invertebrate pests, in particular arthropod pests and nematodes. The invention also relates to a method for controlling invertebrate pests by using these compounds and to plant propagation material and to an agricultural and a veterinary composition comprising said compounds.

  本发明涉及式（I）的噁唑啉化合物，其中A、B1、B2、B3、G1、G2、X1、R1、R3a、R3b、Rg1和Rg2如权利要求和描述中所定义。这些化合物对抗或控制无脊椎动物害虫，特别是节肢动物害虫和线虫方面具有用途。该发明还涉及一种利用这些化合物控制无脊椎动物害虫的方法，以及包括所述化合物的植物繁殖材料、农业和兽医组合物。