Diethyl ethylsodiomalonate | 18995-13-6

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 脂肪酰基
• 英文名称: Diethyl ethylsodiomalonate
• 英文别名: sodium diethyl 2-ethylmalonate；Bis-1.1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-natrium；Sodium;diethyl 2-ethylpropanedioate
• CAS: 18995-13-6
• 化学式: C₉H₁₅O₄*Na
• 分子量: 210.205
• InChiKey: SRJJWQWJLBREFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.9
• 重原子数：
  14
• 可旋转键数：
  6
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.67
• 拓扑面积：
  52.6
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  5

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  Diethyl ethylsodiomalonate 在 copper chromite 、 乙醚 作用下， 生成 2-乙基丁酸乙酯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Cope; McElvain, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1932, vol. 54, p. 4314

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  9,10-diiodo-2-nitro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene 在 Diethyl ethylsodiomalonate 作用下， 以 二甲基亚砜 为溶剂， 反应 4.0h， 以29%的产率得到10-iodo-2-nitro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Reduction of Bridgehead Halogens by an Intramolecular Electron Transfer Radical Mechanism

  摘要：

  Reactions of 9,10-dibromo- and 9,10-diiodo-2-nitro-9,10-ethano-9,10-dihydroanthracene (10 and 11, respectively) with the tertiary carbanions, 1, 3, 5, and 7-9, proceed exclusively by reduction at the bridgehead with no substitution products being observed. It is proposed that the reduction process occurs by a radical chain mechanism including an intramolecular electron transfer step and beta-hydrogen abstraction from alkyl substituents on the participating carbanions. These ethanoanthracenes contain halogens at bridgehead positions that are meta- and para-benzylic relative to an aromatic nitro group, thus allowing the determination of the relative reactivities of the two benzylic sites within the same molecule. Quantitative studies on the reaction of 11 with sodium salts of 2-ethylmalononitrile and diethyl 2-ethylmalonate reveal that the reduction process is regioselective, with reduction occurring more readily at the benzylic bridgehead position para to the nitro group than at the corresponding meta-benzylic position. The ratio of meta:para reduction products, determined for the reaction of the diiodide 11 with several carbanions, was in the range 1:(1.6 +/- 0.2). This ratio contrasts with the differences in rate constants (approximately 2 orders of magnitude) determined for other nitrobenzylic systems, known to undergo S(RN)1 substitution reactions with the same nucleophiles. These differences in the ratio of rate constants of regioselective reduction compared with those observed for substitution reactions is discussed in terms of the C-X bond at a bridgehead position lying orthogonal to the plane of the nitroaryl group. As a result of this geometry, the rate of intramolecular electron transfer is significantly reduced and the ratio of para-benzylic to meta-benzylic reactivity differs only by a factor of less than 2.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jo00122a030

文献信息

• Radical-nucleophilic substitution (SRN1) reactions. Part 7. Reactions of aliphatic α-substituted nitro compounds.
  作者：Suleiman I. Al-Khalil、W. Russell Bowman、Katherine Gaitonde、Madeleine A. Marley (née Nagel)、Geoffrey D. Richardson

  DOI：10.1039/b103350f

  日期：——

  α-Nitrothiocyanates R2C(SCN)NO2 have been prepared by oxidative addition of thiocyanate anion to nitronate anions and undergo SRN1 substitution reactions by loss of thiocyanate with nitronate anions, phenylsulfinate, azide and p-nitro- and p-chloro-benzenethiolates in dipolar aprotic solvents. 2-Nitro-2-thiocyanatopropane and other 2-substituted-2-nitropropanes [Me2C(X)NO2 with X = I, Br, Cl, NO2, PhSO2] react with thiolates by SRN1 reactions and/or redox reactions to give disulfides by a polar abstraction or chain SET (SET2) mechanisms. The products are dependent on the nucleophilicity of the thiolates, the polarisability of the α-substituent, the solvent and the presence of light catalysis, radical traps or strong electron acceptors. 2-Substituted-2-nitropropanes [Me2C(X)NO2 with X = N3, NO2, CN, p-NO2–C6H4–NN] undergo SRN1 substitutions with thiolates by loss of nitrite. 2-Substituted-2-nitropropanes Me2C(X)NO2 and thiolates only yield disulfides in methanol due to solvation of the nitro groups.

  α-亚硝基硫氰酸酯R2C(SCN)NO2通过硫氰酸根离子对亚硝酸根离子的氧化加成制备，并在非质子性偶极溶剂中通过失去硫氰酸盐与亚硝酸根离子、苯磺酸盐、叠氮化物以及对硝基和对氯苯硫醇盐发生SRN1取代反应。2-硝基-2-硫氰酸丙烷和其他2-取代-2-硝基丙烷[Me2C(X)NO2，其中X=I、Br、Cl、NO2、PhSO2]通过SRN1反应和/或氧化还原反应与硫醇盐反应，通过极性提取或链SET（SET2）机制生成二硫化物。产物取决于硫醇盐的亲核性、α-取代基的极化性、溶剂以及光催化、自由基捕获剂或强电子受体的存在。2-取代-2-硝基丙烷[Me2C(X)NO2，其中X=N3、NO2、CN、p-NO2-C6H4-NN]在与硫醇盐失去亚硝酸盐的情况下发生SRN1取代。2-取代-2-硝基丙烷Me2C(X)NO2和硫醇盐仅在甲醇中由于硝基团的溶剂化而产生二硫化物。
• NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION VIA ONE ELECTRON TRANSFER PROCESSES. II A NEW SYNTHETIC METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF α,β-UNSATURATED ESTERS AND KETONES
  作者：Noboru Ono、Rui Tamura、Jun-ichi Hayami、Aritsune Kaji

  DOI：10.1246/cl.1977.189

  日期：1977.2.5

  An efficient one-pot synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters and ketones consisting of the coupling reaction of α-chloronitroalkanes with the anions of diethyl α-alkylmalonates or ethyl α-alkylacetoacetates followed by deethoxycarbonylation and concomitant elimination of the nitro group is described.

  描述了一种高效的单锅合成α,β-不饱和酯和酮的方法，该方法包括α-氯硝基烷与二乙基α-烷基丙二酸酯或乙基α-烷基乙酰乙酸酯阴离子的耦合反应，随后进行脱乙氧羰基化和同步硝基基团的消除。
• Ketovinylation of β-dicarbonyl compounds
  作者：N.K. Kochetkov、L.J. Kudryashov、B.P. Gottich

  DOI：10.1016/0040-4020(61)80100-2

  日期：1961.1

  labile hydrogens results in the formation of complex mixtures. Ethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate have, however, been successfully ketovinylated. In the former case, α-carbethoxy-δ-keto-β,γ-unsaturated acids are produced in high yield and depending on the conditions of ketovinylation of ethyl acetoacetate either 4-alkyl salicyclic acids or polysubstituted benzene derivatives may be prepared. Further,

  通常仅用一个不稳定的氢将酮乙烯基引入β-二羰基化合物中，但是存在两个不稳定的氢会导致形成复杂的混合物。然而，丙二酸乙酯和乙酰乙酸乙酯已被成功酮化。在前一种情况下，高产率地生产α-乙氧基-δ-酮基-β，γ-不饱和酸，并且根据乙酰乙酸乙酯的酮乙烯基化的条件，可以制备4-烷基水杨酸或多取代的苯衍生物。此外，丙二酸乙酯和乙酰乙酸烷基酯的酮乙烯基化产物可用于合成（1）不饱和脂族酮酸或二酮或（2）多种α-吡喃酮衍生物。提出了乙酰乙酸乙酯的酮乙烯基化机理，并提出了反式 建立了酮乙烯基化产品的构型。
• Nitric Oxide Inactivates Glyoxalase I in Cooperation with Glutathione
  作者：A. Mitsumoto、K.-R. Kim、G. Oshima、M. Kunimoto、K. Okawa、A. Iwamatsu、Y. Nakagawa

  DOI：10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022797

  日期：2000.10.1

  We previously found that glyoxalase I (Glo I) is inactivated upon exposure of human endothelial cells to extracellular nitric oxide (NO), and this event correlates with an increase in its pI on two-dimensional gels. In this study, we demonstrate that NO can modulate Glo I activity in cooperation with cellular glutathione (GSH). Severe depletion of intracellular GSH prevents the inactivation of Glo I in response to NO, although such depletion enhances the inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), a well-known enzyme susceptible to NO-induced oxidation. S-Nitrosoglu-tathione (GSNO), an adduct of GSH and NO, lowers the activity of purified human Glo I, while S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO) inactivates the enzyme only in the presence of GSH. This indicates that a dysfunction in Glo I would require the formation of GSNO in situ. Competitive inhibitors of Glo I, S-(4-bromobenzyl)glutathione and its membrane-permeating form, completely abolish the NO action in vitro and inside cells, respectively. Taken together, these results reveal that Glo I can interact directly with GSNO, and that the interaction converts Glo I into an inactive form. Moreover, the data suggest that the substrate recognition site of Glo I might be involved in the interaction with GSNO.

  我们之前发现，人类内皮细胞暴露于细胞外一氧化氮（NO）时，糖醛酸酶 I（Glo I）被失活，这一事件与其在二维胶上的等电点（pI）增加相关。在本研究中，我们证明 NO 可以与细胞内谷胱甘肽（GSH）合作调节 Glo I 活性。严重耗竭细胞内 GSH 会阻止 Glo I 对 NO 的失活，尽管这种耗竭会增强醛糖-3-磷酸脱氢酶（G3PDH）的失活，后者是一种已知对 NO 引起的氧化敏感的酶。S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽（GSNO）是 GSH 和 NO 的加合物，可降低纯化人类 Glo I 的活性，而 S-亚硝基半胱氨酸（CysNO）仅在存在 GSH 的情况下失活该酶。这表明 Glo I 的功能障碍需要在体内形成 GSNO。Glo I 的竞争抑制剂 S-(4-溴苄基)谷胱甘肽及其膜穿透形式分别在体外和细胞内完全消除 NO 的作用。综上所述，这些结果表明 Glo I 可以直接与 GSNO 互作，并且这种互作将 Glo I 转化为一种失活形式。此外，这些数据还暗示 Glo I 的底物识别位点可能参与与 GSNO 的互作。
• Carbanion fluorination with xenon difluoride in the presence of sulfur (II) derivatives
  作者：Timothy B. Patrick、Sourena Nadji

  DOI：10.1016/s0022-1139(00)81611-5

  日期：1988.6

  An electrophilic fluorination reagent capable of fluorinating carbanions in moderate yield is obtained from the reaction of xenon difluoride with Sulfur II derivatives such as dimethyl sulfide.

  从二氟化氙与硫II衍生物如二甲基硫的反应中获得能够适度氟化碳的亲电氟化试剂。