N-nitrosodiethylamine is a clear slightly yellow liquid. Boiling point 175-177°C. Can reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. Used as a gasoline and lubricant additive and as an antioxidant and stabilizer in plastics.
颜色/状态:
Yellow oil
闪点:
145 °F (NTP, 1992)
蒸汽压力:
0.86 mm Hg at 20 °C
亨利常数:
3.63e-06 atm-m3/mole
稳定性/保质期:
存在于白肋烟烟叶、主流烟气和侧流烟气中。
它具有刺激作用,长期接触可能对肝脏和肾脏造成损害。
分解:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx).
Inhibition of sulfotransferase by 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol completely abolished the genotoxic potential of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in rat liver as indicated by the induction of DNA single-strand breaks. The DNA strand-breaking potential of N-nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine, a metabolite of N-nitrosodiethanolamine formed by alcohol dehydrogenase -mediated oxidation, was also almost quantitatively abolished. In contrast to these beta-hydroxylated nitrosamines, the effectiveness of N-nitrosodiethylamine remained unaffected by 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol with respect to its DNA damaging potential. ... A new activation mechanism for N-nitrosodiethanolamine is proposed: N-nitrosodiethanolamine is transformed at first by alcohol dehydrogenase into the cyclic hemiacetal N-nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine. This cyclic beta-hydroxynitrosamine appears to be a substrate for sulfotransferase. The resulting sulfate conjugate is suggested to be ultimate genotoxic electrophile. However, the results do not exclude the possibility that N-nitrosodiethanolamine itself undergoes sulfate conjugation.
Oxidative N-deethylation of NDEA accounts for the production of CO2 and alkylating species in vivo. The rate of metabolism of NDEA by slices of organs from rats and hamsters in vitro has been measured, and a correlation made between the degree of metabolism and the distribution of induced tumors. After administration of NDEA to rats or hamsters, several ethylated derivatives were produced in liver and kidney nucleic acids. These included 7-ethylguanine, O6-ethylguanine and 3-ethyladenine.
... Evidence suggests that nitrosodiethylamine requires metabolic activation in order to exert its carcinogenic and toxic effects. ... N-nitrosoethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine and N-nitrosoethyl-N-(carboxymethyl)amine have been detected in urine of rats. ...
Possible relationships between structure and metabolism of nitrosamines have been investigated in the rat small intestine. Isolated segments of jejunum and ileum were perfused from the luminal side for 2 hr with a Tyrode solution containing one of four symmetrical dialkylnitrosamines with 2-5 carbon atoms per side chain, all (14)C-labeled at the alpha position, or one of two unsymmetrical nitrosamines, N-nitroso-tert-butylmethylamine and N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine, (14)C-labeled in the methyl group. Besides measurement of (14)C to intestinal tissue, the absorbed fluid (absorbate) as well as the perfusion medium and tissue homogenates were analyzed by for the presence of polar metabolites to assess the intestinal metabolism of nitrosamines. Neither N-nitrosodiethylamine nor the two unsymmetrical nitrosamines were metabolized to any significant extent.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
亚硝基二乙胺已知的人类代谢物包括N-亚硝基乙胺。
Nitrosodiethylamine has known human metabolites that include N-Nitrosoethanamine.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is a yellow oil. It is used as a gasoline and lubricant additive, antioxidant and as a stabilizer in plastics. HUMAN STUDIES: NDEA has been identified as tobacco carcinogen. Short-term exposure of a bronchial epithelial cell line to smoking-equivalent concentrations of tobacco carcinogens including NDEA altered the expression of key proliferation regulatory genes, EGFR, BCL-2, BCL2L1, BIRC5, TP53, and MKI67, similar to that reported in biopsy specimens of pulmonary epithelium described to be preneoplastic lesions. ANIMAL STUDIES: NDEA caused tumors in several species of experimental animals, at several different tissue sites, and by several different routes of exposure. It was carcinogenic in animals exposed perinatally and as adults, causing tumors mainly in the liver, respiratory tract, kidney, and upper digestive tract. Benign and malignant liver tumors occurred in mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, and pigs orally exposed to NDEA. Liver tumors also occurred in rats following inhalation exposure or rectal administration; in mice, rats, and hamsters following intraperitoneal injection; in hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, and hedgehogs following subcutaneous injection; in mice following prenatal exposure; in birds following intramuscular injection; and in fish and frogs exposed to NDEA in the tank water. In dogs, exposure to NDEA by stomach tube followed by subcutaneous injection caused cancer of the liver and nasal cavity. Tumors of the lung and upper respiratory tract occurred in mice, rats, hamsters, dogs, and pigs following oral administration of NDEA. Tumors of the kidney occurred in rats following oral, intravenous, or prenatal administration of NDEA. Oral administration also caused kidney tumors in pigs and tumors of the upper digestive tract in mice, rats, and hamsters. The mutagenicity of NDEA was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 (Ames Test), both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation. NDEA did not cause a reproducible positive response in any of the bacterial tester strains, either with or without metabolic activation. In the presence of liver microsomal fraction from phenobarbital-treated rats, NDEA caused 8-azaguanine-resistant mutants in Chinese hamster V79 cells. NDEA was mutagenic in recessive lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster. The effects of NDEA on sexual development, gametogenesis, and oocyte maturation were studied in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). NDEA reduced the germ cell number dose-dependently during early stages of sexual differentiation in XX larvae, resulting in underdeveloped ovaries in adulthood at low doses. This effect was sex-specific as no such changes were seen in XY larvae. Furthermore, XX and XY larvae that were exposed at a low dose during early life showed a significant reduction in body weight in adulthood. Gonads in sexually immature adult medaka males and females exposed to NDEA were in advanced stages in comparison to that of the controls. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: NDEA induced oxidative stress and antioxidant defense to zebrafish metabolism system at concentrations over 5 ug/L. After a 42-day exposure, a significant DNA damage was observed in zebrafish liver cells at NDEA concentrations beyond 500 ug/L. Toxic and carcinogenic effects observed in snakes (Phython reticulatus) after lifelong administration of 6, 12, and 24 mg/kg NDEA by gavage at four nightly intervals. Total dose needed to induce tumors was 500-600 mg/kg.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
没有关于人类的数据可用。动物中有足够的致癌性证据。总体评估:2A组:该物质很可能对人类具有致癌性。
No data are available in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2A: The agent is probably carcinogenic to humans.
CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Induction of tumors at multiple sites in both rodent and nonrodent species exposed by various routes.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
N-亚硝基二乙胺根据实验动物研究中充分的致癌性证据,合理预期为人类致癌物。
N-Nitrosodiethylamine is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:N-亚硝基二乙胺
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:N-Nitrosodiethylamine
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
/MILK/ In goats, 1 hr after oral administration of 30 mg/kg bw nitrosodiethylamine, there were 11.4 mg/kg nitrosodiethylamine in milk and 11.9 mg/kg in blood. Only traces were found in milk and none in blood after 24 hr.
Autoradiographic studies indicated that non-metabolized N-nitrosodiethylamine passed to fetuses with even distribution in most fetal tissues on all studied days of gestation (day 12, 14, 16, 16 and 18) in mice. Results also indicated metabolism of the substance in mucosa of fetal bronchial tree and liver on day 18 of gestation.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Tin(IV) Chloride-Sodium Nitrite as a New Nitrosating Agent for N-Nitrosation of Amines, Amides and Ureas under Mild and Heterogeneous Conditions
作者:Cyril Párkányi、Benoît Célariès
DOI:10.1055/s-2006-942397
日期:——
We have developed a new method of N-nitrosation of various secondary and tertiaryamines, amides and ureas using a mixture oftin(IV) chloride and sodium nitrate. This method leads to a selective, high-yielding and mild heterogeneous N-nitrosation by in situ generation of nitrosylchloride (NOCl). The reaction can be carried out in several different solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, ethers
Selective N-Nitrosation of Amines,<i>N</i>-Alkylamides and<i>N</i>-Alkylureasby N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Supported on Cross-Linked Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP-N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)
N2O4 was supported on the cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to afford a solid, stable and recyclable nitrosating agent. This reagent shows excellent selectivity for N-nitrosation of dialkyl amines in the presence of diaryl-, arylalkyl-, trialkylamines and also for secondary amides in dichloromethane at room temperature under mild and heterogeneous conditions. Also N-nitroso-N-alkyl amides can be selectively prepared in the presence of primary amides and N-phenylamides under similar reaction conditions. Selective N-nitrosation or dealkylation and N-nitrosation of tertiary amines can also be performed by this reagent.
Reactions of trifluoroamine oxide: a route to acyclic and cyclic fluoroamines and N-nitrosoamines
作者:Om Dutt Gupta、Robert L. Kirchmeier、Jean'ne M. Shreeve
DOI:10.1021/ja00162a045
日期:1990.3
Preparation de fluoroamines et de nitrosoamines secondaires acycliques R 2 NF et R 2 NNO (R=CH 3 ,C 2 H 5 ,n-C 3 H 7 ,i-C 3 H 7 ,n-C 4 H 9 ,i-C 4 H 9 ,c-C 6 H 11 ) et de fluoroamines et nitrosoamines heterocycliques satures RNF et RNNO (R=c-C 4 H 8 ,c-C 5 H 10 ,(CH 3 ) 2 -2,6-c-C 5 H 8 ,(CH 3 ) 4 -2,2,6,6-c-C 5 H 6 ) par reaction des amines correspondantes avec NF 3 O
制备去氟胺和去亚硝基胺二类无环R 2 NF 和R 2 NNO (R=CH 3 ,C 2 H 5 ,nC 3 H 7 ,iC 3 H 7 ,nC 4 H 9 ,iC 4 H 9 ,cC 6 H 11 ) et de fluoroamines et nitrosoamines 杂环饱和 RNF et RNNO (R=cC 4 H 8 ,cC 5 H 10 ,(CH 3 ) 2 -2,6-cC 5 H 8 ,(CH 3 ) 4 -2,2,6 ,6-cC 5 H 6 ) par 反应脱胺对应物 avec NF 3 O
Synthesis of N,N-dialkylnitramines from secondary ammonium nitrates in liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide
作者:I. V. Kuchurov、I. V. Fomenkov、S. G. Zlotin
DOI:10.1007/s11172-009-0282-1
日期:2009.10
An efficient explosion-proof method was developed for the preparation of N,N-dialkylnitramines by treatment of dialkylammonium nitrates with a mixture of nitric acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of ZnCl2 in liduid or supercritical carbon dioxide.
Formation of <i>N</i>-Nitrosamines and <i>N</i>-Nitramines by the Reaction of Secondary Amines with Peroxynitrite and Other Reactive Nitrogen Species: Comparison with Nitrotyrosine Formation
作者:Mitsuharu Masuda、Howard F. Mower、Brigitte Pignatelli、Irena Celan、Marlin D. Friesen、Hoyoku Nishino、Hiroshi Ohshima
DOI:10.1021/tx990120o
日期:2000.4.1
mechanism, involving one-electron oxidation by peroxynitrite of secondaryamines to form amino radicals (R(2)N(*)), which react with nitric oxide ((*)NO) or nitrogen dioxide ((*)NO(2)) to yield nitroso and nitro secondaryamines, respectively. Reaction of morpholine with NO(*) and superoxide anion (O(2)(*)(-)), which were concomitantly produced from spermine NONOate and by the xanthine oxidase systems, respectively